Are Sweatshops Good or Bad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Are Sweatshops Good or Bad - Essay Example As indicated by the US Department of Labor, half of the of the piece of clothing production lines working in the USA have been seen as disregarding at least 2 work laws, in this manner falling in the class of sweat shops (Powell and Skarbek, 3). In any case, the way that they are significant wellspring of vocations for the greater part poor inside various economies of the world is likewise unquestionable (Pollin, et al, 9). In this way, while surveying the subject of whether sweat shops are fortunate or unfortunate, it is essential to consider that in any case; the substances must figure out how to make due through various economies. Now, it is important to consider on this inquiry; would the presence of sweatshops bring about more mischief than the damage that would result from the conclusion of all sweatshops universally? In this regard, this conversation holds the contention that sweatshops are acceptable. This is on the grounds that: The way that something is in every case superior to nothing despite everything holds for the lion's share poor. Sweat shops have made various openings for work for the untalented and the semi-talented workforce both in the USA and all through the world. As indicated by the U.S. Agency of Labor Statistics 1997 registration measurements, more than 2 million individuals in 150 nations internationally work in piece of clothing sweatshops that produce attire for USA alone (National Labor Committee, 2).

Nelson Mandela Spiritual Biography Essay

Nelson Mandela rocked the boat from various perspectives climate it was done strategically, socially, or by and by, so as to accomplish such significant standards Mandela paid numerous incredible individual costs. Prior to the demonstrations of Nelson Mandela, the nation of South Africa was broken; it was plunged in a profound prejudice with the political decision in 1948. The system of 1948 perpetrated the wrongdoing of Apartheid which is characterized as the activity of carrying out coldhearted demonstrations of a character like different violations against humankind which is submitted with regards to a systematized system which methodicallly abuses and commands one racial gathering over some other racial gathering or gatherings and submits it with the aim of keeping up that system. Mandela would restrict the thoughts of this system and in the long run assume a significant job in the end of the politically-sanctioned racial segregation they worked in shrewdness to make. In his collection of memoirs Nelson Mandela portrays his hardships on his excursion to the opportunity of South Africa thus the name of the book â€Å" Long Walk To Freedom†. From when he was youthful, Mandela was raised to be a pioneer. Nelson Mandela has a place with a cadet part of the Thembu line, which reigns in the Transkei district of South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. At the point when Mandela was nine, his dad kicked the bucket of tuberculosis and the official, Jongintaba, turned into his watchman. He went to numerous schools remembering The Wesleyan College for Healdtown, this is the place a large portion of the Thembu sovereignty set off for college. Jongintaba adapted Mandela to be a pioneer and these characteristics’ appear during his administration. Anyway this authority preparing was stopped by the way that such a significant number of individuals of eminence face, orchestrated marrage. Not long after leaving Fort Hare, Jongintaba declared to Mandela and Justice (the regent’s child and beneficiary to the seat) that he had organized relationships for them two. He fled to Johannesburg so as to abstain from being strongly hitched and what he discovered was a nation whose national banner was in the word reference close to the word politically-sanctioned racial segregation. Resolved to change business as usual he set out on a political crusade and joined the ANC and started rehearsing fear based oppression. He was captured and condemned to life in jail. He was discharged twenty seven years after the fact by making the guarantee that he would quit taking an interest in fear mongering. He returned to the ANC and utilized it as his ideological group to pursue position. He won because of the way that he had won the option to decide in favor of a considerable lot of the dark South Africans who upheld him. He brought together the nation, most quite through rugby, yet in addition assisted with raising a considerable lot of the blacks, whale not ignoring the whites, out of destitution. He is as yet a powerful character right up 'til the present time, and leads numerous compassionate associations. He is as of now in the emergency clinic because of clinical difficulties yet he is relied upon to make a recuperation. Beginning in his initial life Nelson Mandela consistently rocked the boat. During this time he got away from a masterminded marriage and consequently starting an existence of important rebellion, disobedience that would improve the lives of every one of everyone around him, insubordination that lift a race from the profundities of destitution, resistance that would end politically-sanctioned racial segregation. He started his political crusade through serene fighting taking from the thoughts of Gandhi with quiet peaceful dissent. This is appeared by â€Å" I can't pinpoint the a second when I became politicized, when I realized that I would go through my time on earth in the freedom battle. To be African in South Africa implies that one is politicized from the snapshot of ones birth , climate one recognizes it or not.† (Long Walk to Freedom 208). He joined the ANC and on December 5 1956. Soon after Mandela and 150 others were fighting peacefully and were captured and accused o f conspiracy, anyway the entirety of the respondents got vindications. Mandela understood that he would require increasingly forceful strategies so as to end politically-sanctioned racial segregation. He opposed the 1948 system which bolstered and reinforced politically-sanctioned racial segregation in South Africa, exemplified by a life story of Nelson Mandela â€Å" The NP held onto the political activity in 1948 and held it into the mid 1950s, pushing through its plan of politically-sanctioned racial segregation enactment without appearing to pay any notice, not to mention making any trade offs, to the political powers orchestrated against it.† (Nelson Mandela 46). This statement represents why Mandela relinquished his peaceful methods, in light of the fact that the system had absolute help from the white populace and would not change its perspectives at all. In 1961 Mandela turned into the pioneer of the equipped wing of the ANC and proceeded with his disobedience by brutal methods. Mandela depicted the transition to furnished battle if all else fails; Due to the way that the abuse and savagery from the administration was expanding in spite of his earnest attempts, this persuaded Mandela that even with a lot more long stretches of peaceful dissent against politically-sanctioned racial segregation, he was unable to take out politically-sanctioned racial segregation peacefully. Furthermore, in June 1961, Mandela sent a letter to South African papers cautioning the administration, that on the off chance that they didn't fulfill their needs, the Umkhonto we Sizwe would leave on a battle of treachery. The letter requested the legislature acknowledge a require a national sacred show. The requests were not met by the legislature and starting on 16 December 1961, the Umkhonto we Sizwe with Mandela as its pioneer, propelled a shelling effort against government focuses with the primary activity of the battle being the bombarding of a power sub â€station. Altogether, throughout the following eighteen months, the Umkhonto we Sizwe would start handfuls more demonstrations of treachery and bombings. This is appeared by his statement â€Å"I don't deny that I arranged harm. I didn't design it in a feeling of carelessness nor on the grounds that I have any affection for savagery. I arranged it because of a quiet and calm evaluation of the political circumstance that had emerged after numerous long stretches of oppression, misuse and persecution of my kin by the whites.† (Nelson Mandela). This exemplified his actual insubordination of politically-sanctioned racial segregation, that he was happy to degenerate his qualities to accomplish an objective. Nelson Mandela didn't follow business as usual using any and all means during these long stretches of his life. His preliminary likewise embodies how he didn't follow business as usual. He attempted to utilize his preliminary to battle politically-sanctioned racial segregation however this contention didn't withstand so well with the white adjudicator who was designated by the 1948 organization. At long last he was seen as blameworthy of numerous wrongdoings as expressed in â€Å" Crimes Charged: (1) The commission of demonstrations of treachery along with the socialist party; (2) connivance to help or acquire unjust acts concerning the enrollment of people for preparing in the readiness and utilization of explosives for perpetrating demonstrations of brutality, trick to carry out demonstrations of guerilla fighting, demonstrations of help to military units of remote nations attacking South Africa, and demonstrations of cooperation in vicious upset; (3) the execution of the regular motivation behind perpetrating the demonstrations set out over; (4) requesting cash in South Africa and abroad a nd dispensing those assets in light of a legitimate concern for their campaign† ( Great World Trials 347). Despite the fact that this statement might be long and hard to peruse, it is characteristic proof for what they are really detaining Mandela for, to quiet his insubordination. After his preliminary and conviction and he was taken to Robben Island where he would genuinely start his otherworldly excursion. Indeed, even the jail framework in South Africa was isolated and Mandela was a D-Class Prisoner and was just permitted one visit and letter for each month. Anyway despite the fact that Mandela was in Jail his significant other, Winnie Mandela kept resisting politically-sanctioned racial segregation appeared by â€Å" All the while, Mandela’s spouse, Winnie Mandela, who was the two his reliable upheld and regarded agent outwardly, went through the decades dissenting and occasionally being attempted, detained, and prohibited for her political activity.†( Great World Trials 352). Mandela started an excursion of information increasing a Bachelor of laws from the University of London by means of their outside program appeared by â€Å" I was still amidst examining my L.L.B. at the University of London. I had begun reading for the L.L.B. at the University of London during the Rivonia Trial† ( Long Walk to Freedom 504). This obviously embodies Mandela’s rebellion, that despite the fact that they bolted him up he despite everything examined his objective of closure politically-sanctioned racial segregation which he saw as best served by facilitating his training and increasing a law degree. Mandela likewise read verse becoming exceptionally enamored with a sonnet by William Earnest Henley called Invictus. These delightful words propelled him to not be vindictive towards the whites who put him in jail but instead to look for solidarity. Mandela was in the long run discharged from prison on February 2, 1990 after he made an arrangement with President F. W. de Klerk who had disposed of the prohibition on ANC and different associations like it. Upon his discharge from jail he rejoined the initiative of the ANC currently lead by Chris Hani. Mandela dealt with the ANC in April of 1993 after the death of Chris Hani. By then the ANC and other enemy of politically-sanctioned racial segregation associat ions had won the privileges of the dark populace to cast a ballot. Mandela utilized the ANC as his ideological group to submit a definitive demonstration of disobedience, run for the administration of South Africa. The ANC won 62 percent of the votes in the political decision, and Mandela was introduced as South Africa’s first dark president on May 10 1994. Nelson Mandela saw this as the start of his excursion and not an opportunity to unwind appeared by â€Å" I have strolled that long street to opportunity. I have made an effort not to flounder; I have made slips up en route. In any case, I have found the mystery that subsequent to climbing an incredible slope, one just finds that there are a lot more slopes to climb. I have paused for a minute here to rest, to take a perspective on the superb vista that encompasses me, to think back on the separation I have come. In any case, I can rest just for a second, for with opportunity come

The New Act Essay Samples - Easy to Find, Quality Info For College

The New Act Essay Samples - Easy to Find, Quality Info For CollegeWhen you are looking for essay samples, the old way that you are probably used to, is no longer going to be effective. It is important to remember that you are learning from someone who has been there before and is able to teach you from a beginner's point of view. This is where the old school way of doing things failed you and they should have never been in business in the first place.The best way to find out about essay samples is online. You can get great information on various topics by simply doing an internet search for the name of the subject. What you will find is a wealth of information on subjects such as the new act, vacation plans, exams, exams for different colleges, internships, school plans, scholarships, loans, college applications, school locations, parents time off policy, internet service and so much more.There are many things that you need to know when it comes to college and the students who attend school. It may not be possible for you to get to school when you need to because you are busy working and raising your children, but it is always good to have a good guide to help you through the college experience. This is what these online essays are for and that is why you need to find them online.One of the best ways to find the right college essay samples for your needs is by reading through the sites yourself. It is the best way to make sure that you are getting what you need and that you are using the type of essay that you want to. This is exactly what the internet is good at, making sure that you are happy with what you get.This can be done by reviewing what is written on the site and then deciding what writing sample would be right for you. This is the only way that you will know if the site is reliable or not and you need to be careful about this when choosing an essay provider. You want to make sure that you are getting what you want.It is also important to remember tha t all sites have their own personal opinions and just because it is a 'liked' site does not mean that it is the right site for you. You need to do some research and make sure that you are getting the best service for your needs. This can also be done by contacting the site owner and asking questions before you make any decisions about what to use.The other thing that you need to do is take your time and do some reading before you actually start submitting your essay. Many of the newer sites allow you to read the sample and decide whether or not you want to use it. If you need to get your question answered you can get it from the site owner or someone on the site.It is important to remember that what is written on a site has not changed and it will be the same when you use the new act essay samples that you found online. You should keep this in mind when choosing a site for your work and remember that you can always change your choices later on. There are always other essay providers out there that are giving the same thing and you should consider it when it comes to your needs.

Definition of a Public University

Meaning of a Public University The term open demonstrates that the universitys financing comes incompletely from state citizens. This isn't correct forâ private colleges. Its additionally significant that numerous states don't subsidize their state funded colleges sufficiently, and now and again far not exactly 50% of the working spending originates from the state. Administrators regularly consider open to be as a spot to decrease spending, and the outcome can at times be noteworthy increments in educational cost and expenses, bigger class sizes, less scholastic choices, and longer time to graduation. Instances of Public Universities The biggest private grounds in the nation are for the most part state funded colleges. For instance, these open organizations all have in excess of 50,000 understudies: University of Central Florida, Texas AM University, The Ohio State University, Arizona State University, and the University of Texas at Austin. These schools all have a solid spotlight on personnel and graduate research, and all have Division I athletic projects. You wont locate any private colleges that are almost as extensive as these schools. The entirety of the schools recorded above are major or leader grounds of the state frameworks. Most of state funded colleges, in any case, are lesser-referred to local grounds, for example, the University of West Alabama, Penn State University Altoona, and the University of Wisconsin. Provincial grounds frequently work admirably controlling expenses, and many offer projects appropriate for working grown-ups who are attempting to gain a degree. Highlights of Public Universities A state funded college has a couple of highlights that recognize it from private colleges: Size - The size of state funded colleges differs broadly. As referenced above, be that as it may, the biggest colleges in the nation are on the whole open. Youll likewise find provincial state funded colleges of only two or three thousand students.Division I Athletics - The incredible dominant part of Division I athletic groups are handled by state funded colleges. For instance, everything except one individual from the SEC (Vanderbilt) are state funded colleges, and everything except one individual from the Big Ten (Northwestern) are open. At the equivalent, time, there are various Division II, Division III, and NAIA athletic projects at state funded colleges, and some open foundations that have no intercollegiate athletic projects at all.Low Cost - Public colleges regularly have educational cost that is impressively lower than private colleges, particularly for in-state understudies. Out-of-state educational cost can fluctuate broadly, and a few schools, for example, those in the U niversity of California System and the University of Michigan have out-of-state educational cost that is as high or higher than numerous private organizations. Additionally remember that numerous state funded colleges dont have the assets for powerful award help that youll find at top-level private colleges, so in the event that you meet all requirements for money related guide, you may really locate that a top private college will cost you not exactly a top state funded college, regardless of whether the retail cost is a huge number of dollars higher. Worker and Part-time Students - Public colleges will in general have more suburbanite and low maintenance understudies than private schools and colleges. This is especially valid for provincial state funded colleges. The leader grounds of state frameworks will in general be to a great extent residential.The Downside - Read the profiles of colleges cautiously. Much of the time, state funded colleges have lower graduation rates, higher understudy/staff proportions and more advance guide (consequently, more understudy obligation) than private colleges. State funded colleges share numerous highlights with private colleges: Undergrad and graduate understudy center - Large state funded colleges have noteworthy bosses and doctoral projects simply like top private universities.Graduate degrees - At enormous state funded colleges, propelled degree contributions, for example, a M.A., M.F.A., M.B.A., J.D., Ph.D., and M.D. are common.Broad scholarly contributions - Students can regularly pick courses in the aesthetic sciences, sciences, building, business, wellbeing, and fine arts.Faculty center around examine - At large name state funded colleges, educators are frequently assessed for their exploration and distributing first, and instructing second. Instructing may take need at branch grounds and territorial state funded colleges. A Final Word on Public Universities The most specific universities in the nation are on the whole private, and the schools with the biggest gifts are likewise private. All things considered, the countrys best state funded colleges convey trainings that are comparable to their private partners, and the sticker price of open foundations can be as much as $40,000 less every year than first class private establishments. The sticker price, be that as it may, is infrequently the genuine cost of school, so make certain to investigate budgetary guide. Harvard, for instance, has an all out expense of over $66,000 every year, except an understudy from a family that acquires under $100,000 a year can go for nothing. For in-state understudies who dont meet all requirements for help, a state funded college will much of the time be the more moderate choice.

Solving Issues with Servant Leadership Work Environment - 550 Words

Solving Issues with Servant Leadership: Describe the Work Environment (Essay Sample) Content: Solving Issues with Servant LeadershipNameInstitutionSolving Issues with Servant LeadershipOne of the major issues affecting the organizations today is the employee turnover. Employee turnover refers to the number of the employees that leaves the organization and is replaced by new employees. High turnover affects the organizations in many ways that include financially and emotionally. Selladurai et al. (2014) indicate that the employee turnover is as a result of various issues that include harsh treatment from the management, low pay, organizational conflicts and harassments among others. Managers should be very cautious to realize the early signs of the turnover likelihood and solve them before they negatively affect the organization.Fortinet is a small US organization that is growing at a rapid rate. The company is in the technology industry and sells network security services. Currently, the company has over 20,000 partners and in 2014, the company was recognized as the global leader in the unified threat management solutions. Fortinet has 2,600 employees, and they continue to increase as the company continues to venture into the foreign markets. The issue of employee turnover in this company has been a challenge that has affected their productivity. Retaining employees in this company is essential and will maintain the companys growth. Some of the models that can be used to manage the employees turnover, in this case, include servant leadership model, situational leadership, and participative models. The leadership styles that the leaders implement largely affect the employees attitude to work and turnover rates.The participative leadership model unlike the autocratic can solve the turnover issues. This model seeks to involve the employees in making various decisions that affect them. When making important decisions, the leaders turn to the employees for input that makes them feel valued and respected. One of the issues that lead to turnov er is disrespecting the employees and lack of adequate communication. By encouraging the employees and keeping the dialogues alive, the employees may not leave work. Through the participative model, the leader creates an environment that will empower the employees. Empowered employees make decisions that enhance customers satisfaction, profitability and productivity (Selladurai et al., 2014).Another model that can be used in this case is the servant leadership. Servant leadership involves the manager focusing on the needs of other before they can consider theirs. In this case, the manager ensures that all the employees are treated well that will ensure that they are empowered and ready to work. Since employees leave work because of being uncomfortable among other issues, the leader ensures that the issues are solved, and the employees are working in a conducive environment. Through good listening skills, foresight, empathy, and awareness, leaders e...

Tuesdays With Morrie The Main Themes In The Book - 1375 Words

Tuesdays With Morrie: The Main Themes In The Book (Book Review Sample) Content: Tuesdays with Morrie NameInstitution:Date:IntroductionTuesdays with Morrie, authored by Mitch Albom, is a narrative depicting a love story between a man and his college professor, called Morrie Schwartz (Albom, 2009). Morrie, who is a professor at Brandeis University, has spent most of his life teaching sociology in the university. He is an excellent lecturer and teachers according to the narration and only retires when illness comes knocking. On the other hand, Mitch is portrayed as a good man surrendering his vision of having a career in the music industry, professional success and material wealth. He values money over love and has grown disillusioned (Albom, 2009). After spending his entire time working and neglecting Janine his wife, he finds himself in the end jobless and without a steady source of income. The unionized strike brings him to reality by asking several questions about choices he has made in life. The story written in 1997 and describes a friendship that transformed his life. The narrative is a true story capturing the wisdom and compassion of a man who only knowing good in his heart and he has lived his life to the very fullest until the last breath of his life, a life happily lived. When Mitch learned that Morrie was unwell, he began the last class of the life of Morrie, and together, they tried to reveal the The Meaning of Life (Wang, 2006). Mitch Albom, who is the narrator of the book, recalls how he graduated from Brandeis University in 1970s spring. After receiving his diploma, he approaches Morrie Schwartz, who was his favourite professor, presenting him with a monogrammed briefcase (Wang, 2006). Most of the sociology courses that Mitch took while at Brandeis were taught by professor Morrie. He promises Morrie of keeping in touch in the middle of him crying. He fails to fulfil this promise (Wang, 2006). Many years after Mitch has graduated from the University, Morrie is forced into forfeiting dancing which is his favour ite hobby after being diagnosed with ALS, which health professionals call a debilitating disease. According to the narration, after realizing the sickness, Morries soul is left perfectly awake but imprisoned inside his body. Charlotte, Morries wife is forced to care for him but keeps her job at MIT since he insists. Mitch feels frustrated with the life he has chosen sixteen years after his graduation from Brandeis. His uncle passes away after suffering from pancreatic cancer, and after this, he abandons his failing music career to become a highly paid journalist for a paper in Detroit (Pagano, 2016). Despite promising his wife that they would have children, the narrator spends a lot of time at work especially in his reporting responsibilities and assignments. One night, as Mitch is going through the television channels, he recognizes Morries voice (Wang, 2006). Following the television appearance from his professor, Mitch calls him and travels to West Newton, Massachusetts where Mor rie lives. When he drives up to the professors house, he delays in greeting him since he is speaking on the phone with the company producer, a decision that he would later regret. In reading through the narration, several lessons are learnt in the characterization and in the themes brought out. The first lesson that the audience can draw from the story is the need to reject or overlook popular cultural values and embrace self-created personal ones. Each of the lessons learnt from Morrie contribute to a bigger, encompassing all message that each person, and especially Mitch, should reject popular cultural values and instead embrace and develop a personal one (Wang, 2006). As Morrie describes or sees it, popular culture dictates humanity and hence communities sometimes end up suffering. In his own account of life. Morrie flees the concept of cultural dictatorship and creates his own culture which is based on open communication, acceptance, and love. As a revolt against the superficial ity, violence, and greed driven in the media, Morrie develops his own culture (Wang, 2006). As a way of influencing the decisions of the narrator, he encourages him to free himself of the dictatorial, corrupt culture in favor of his well-being, and after starting to reassess his life, Mitch starts to rediscover fulfilment. The theme of perish or love is evident (Wang, 2006). As one of the most significant lessons to his student, Mitch, Morrie recites a quote by W.H. Auden, his favourite poet. The poem says in the absence of love, there is a void that can only be filled by loving human relationships (Wang, 2006). According to Morrie, when there is an abundance of love, people can feel and experience a huge sense of fulfilment. Morrie had fourteen Tuesday lessons with Mitch. Throughout these lessons, Morrie explains that love is the essence of every relationship and every individual (Seo, 2015). Therefore, as it is described by Auden, to live without love is like living with nothing. The positive significance of love in his life becomes particularly clear to the professor as he approaches death, for without the meticulous care of those who love him, and those he loves, he would perish (Wang, 2006). The audience can see Morrie clinging to life not because he is afraid of death, or because he is scared of what happens in the afterlife, but because his greatest wish of death is to share his story with his student, Mitch, so that the story can be shared to the rest of the world. The renowned professor who enjoys a lot of admiration from Mitch clings to life just long enough to divulge the importance or the essence of his story (Wang, 2006). He then releases himself to death, leaving his audience and Mitch with the message that love brings meaning to life experiences, and that without love, one may be as well dead. Acceptance through detachment is a clear message that the audience can take home. Sometimes, it is important to accept things through detachment (Wang, 20 06). As Morrie struggles with accepting his impending death, consciously, the professor detaches himself the different experiences. The detachment from experience is seen when he is suffering from the violent coughing spells. These coughs, according to the narrator, come with the possibility of him breathing last. The method of detachment derived by Morrie comes from the Buddhist philosophy that individuals should not cling to things, as everything happening or in our possession is impermanent. The audience learns several lessons from the Buddhist philosophy. In the process of detaching, the audience can see Morrie stepping out of the tangible surroundings and getting into an individual state of consciousness for two reasons: becoming composed in stressful situations, and gaining perspective (Wang, 2006). Morrie does not intent to stop experiencing or feeling in his detachment, but rather, interests himself in experiencing wholly. The professor does not want to die feeling angry or upset at anyone, and in those moments described as frightening, he detaches as a way of embracing his death and accepting the impermanence of life, which he acknowledges may come at any time. In Tuesdays with Morrie, the role of the media in the society is explicitly expressed. According to Mitchs experiences, the media is portrayed as being inherently evil. The media institution sucks Mitch dry of his ambition and passion, and feeding the public ...

How The Economy Has Impacted Since The 2008 Economic Crisis

A Critical Literature Review Exploring how Unemployment in Europe has been Impacted Since the 2008 Economic Crisis 1. Introduction The fall of the global bank Lehman Brothers between 2007 and 2008 almost knocked out the world’s financial system. The worst recession in 80 years in which the economic world is still recovering from. Europe got caught by fiddling with the American real estate market leading to the worst recession seen since the post war great depression. The crisis stunned the world and unemployment was hit heavily with businesses failing to make profits without letting go of employee’s, particularly in the labour market. With Europe still not fully recovered almost a decade down the line it still sparks debate today on how†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœThere are now almost 20 million unemployed in Europe and our over regulated jobs market is partly to blame. If half of all small businesses in the EU created just one more job we could half the number of employed overnight’ (Cave, 2006). Cave’s study reports a dim view on unemployment even before the economic crisis of 2008. There is evidence to suggest that cave is accurate in his work due to the date it was published and Cave has used statistics to support his view. Stockhammer (2007) backs up Cave’s research on unemployment in Europe before the economic crisis by studying unemployment in previous decades. ‘Since 1981, the unemployment rate in Europe has been greater than (or close to) 8 percent’. Stockhammer blames the inflexible labour market for the high rate of unemployment and believes wage moderation is the way to resolve the unemployment issue. ‘While not always stated explicitly, the view that wage moderation will help, or is indeed the only way to reduce employment in Europe is shared by the major policy institutions now’. Stockhammer is re-enforcing Cave’s research that unemployment has been problematic in Europe way before the 2008 crisis. Both Stockhammer and Cave’s studies report a negative view towards unemployment before 2008 and shows conclusive

The Welfare System Within New Zealand - 1626 Words

In New Zealand, social policy is about trying to ensure those in society who have less by getting help through different resources and services. A reoccurring function that keeps arising within New Zealand society, however, is the unemployment factor, as it has lead to recent welfare reforms. Due to the cause of people being unemployed it then leads them to a welfare dependency which they then become more reliant on benefits and tend to pass this easy knowledge on to the next generation and so on. Thus, the welfare system within New Zealand has had a negative impact on health, social and economic consequences for benefit recipients and their families. A social development and youth affairs minister, Paula Bennett, from the National Party and New Zealand Politician, wrote an Amendment Bill on this issue of the welfare system. This essay will firstly describe the key problem in which Paula Bennett identifies in her Amendment Bill and then the type of issues or assumptions it serves, an d then examine the theories that best reflect this argument that she states. Therefore, social policy is concerned with the ways of understanding structural factors that shape social change and social problems, in this case the welfare system Amendment Bill by Bennett. The term ‘welfare state’ has been used many times throughout the years for meeting the basic economic and social requirements of its citizens. Such requirements, for example, involve health, education,Show MoreRelatedSocial Democracy And Its Impact On Social Policy Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe ideas, social democracy and conservatism have impacted social policy to support the citizens within New Zealand. They contrast in ways, which they are based upon. Social democracy bases their ideas in state intervention to support the welfare creating egalitarianism. 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Topic Two Ethics And Immigration - 1255 Words

Sydney Hutton PHIL 453 Paper One 2/24/16 Topic Two: Ethics and Immigration Without some sort of global government regime, the problems that plague nations around the world are dealt with based on how their nations sees fit, or how their government is structured. One of the main ethical issues that our world is facing is the issue of immigration, both legal and illegal. Each nation has a different policy, thus allowing issues of morality to be questioned on an international scale when dealing with immigration. Through careful consideration of the literature read in class and the viewing of Posada, it is my understanding that the biggest moral problem relating to immigration is the criteria of selection and criteria of exclusion in which nations operate under to assess who is granted entry into a country. The lack of a unified system for admission, with variance on criteria, clearly proposes flaws in the structure and faults within each approach. In her essay, â€Å"A Note of Justice, Care and Immigration Policy†, Annette Baier states that there are multiple attitudes in which immigration policies can be approached. From a feminist ethics point of view that would be best suited with regards to international ethics is that in which she describes as â€Å"universalist and rights-based† (Baier 150). In this approach â€Å"all foreigners would have the same right to apply for a visa to enter a given country, and only those with some special legally recognized claim (those seeking politicalShow MoreRelatedGuidelines For Address All Of The Points Below1705 Words   |  7 Pagescharge management, marketing and accounting department. As I look after 8 employees, I have one full time and part time staffs to assist my work. In marketing department, Aaron is the marketing manager who in charge marketing department and he has two assistants to support him. 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Assessing the effectiveness of community policing as a strategy for crime prevention free essay sample

Every society needs a strong and effective police force to maintain law and order, to promote peace and harmony and to secure lives and properties. The police force is not only central to individual self-actualization, but also to social cohesion, economic development and democratic consolidation (Wabara in Alemika and Chukwuma 2004). The Nigeria Police is by law charged with the responsibility of preventing and detecting crime, preserving peace and order and enforcing all laws and regulations. The duties placed on the Police are indeed overwhelming. The task is even more daunting in a growing democracy like ours, presently confronted with challenges of nurture and sustainability of the democratic process. Given the magnitude of the challenges facing the Nigeria Police, it is encouraging to note the willingness of the Police authority to work with other stakeholders in order to properly address issues of crime and policing in Nigeria (Obasanjo in Alemika and Chukwuma 2004). The history of community police relation in Nigeria has been described as frosty as the idea of policing imposed on the country by the colonial masters was calculated to foster an antagonism between the policed and the police (Alemika and Chukwuma, 2000; Onoja, 2007; Tamuno, 1970). Rotimi (2001) explicates the reasons for the police-citizens feuds in the colonial times and notes that since the police stood as the symbol of authority, which were responsible for the enforcement of most government policies like the collection of taxes and enforcement of traffic regulations, they were usually at loggerheads with members of the public. Unfortunately, the no-love lost relationship between the police and the public extends to the post-colonial era. Relationships between the Nigerian police and citizens are largely characterized by suspicion, prejudice, mutual disrespect, conflict and violence (Alemika and Chukwuma, 2000). It has equally been noted that it will be very difficult for any police organization to succeed in its objective of maintenance of law and order without the cooperation of the people being policed. To solve this dilemma, therefore, there must be not only a cordial relationship between the police and the citizens, but also be a working partnership between them if the laudable goals are to be achieved. Community policing is emerging as a promising complementary approach to more traditional forms of policing. By bringing the police closer to the people and developing partner relations with citizens, this approach aims at restoring trust between civilians and the police and at gaining community support for police reform, especially in settings where the police forces are perceived as brutal, corrupt and unaccountable. This can be especially important in post-conflict countries where confidence has been lost in conflict. The United States’ Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) defines Community Policing as ‘a policing philosophy that promotes and supports organizational strategies to address the causes and reduce the fear of crime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and police/community partnerships. ’ Community policing involves a cooperative effort on both the community and the police, with the police engaging in pro-social activities to enhance the well-being of the community and the community taking an active role in helping the police carry out law enforcement activities. Through this reciprocal and beneficial interactions, community policing is meant to improve poor police-community relations and increase the responsiveness of police services to the community needs by identifying in partnership issues within the mandate of the police that need to be addressed at the community level (Liou and Savage in Chene 2012) Community policing entails community partnership in creating a safe and secure environment for all. It is policing whereby the people take active part in their own affairs. With community policing, the police is not seen as a stranger whose presence stands for danger and imminent hazard but as partners in development. The unfriendly nature of the relationship between the police and members of the public has enjoyed a wide coverage among scholars. It was in reaction to this development that the concept of community policing was introduced. This is particularly the case in Nigeria where the informal ethnic militia groups contested policing space with the Nigerian police in the early years of the Fourth Republic which began in May 1999 (Ikuteyijo, 2009) In Nigeria, community policing was introduced into selected pilot in 2004 as an effort to address mutual antagonisms that had developed between the public and the police forces. Numerous studies conducted on the police-public relations in Nigeria had revealed that the public had no confidence in the Nigeria Police Force, which was perceived as brutal, corrupt and ineffective by the community (Olusegun, 2009). 1. 2 Statement of the Problem In today’s Nigeria, the Police is faced with the challenge of combating Crime and a myriad of other related problems such as internal terrorism which has been added to this list lately. The Nigeria Police is however constrained by its limited budget to look alternative means of carrying out its statutory responsibilities. Not only this, the cost of governance has increased lately making the government to cut down budgets of its ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) in a bid to stay afloat. 1. 3 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to find out how effective community policing as a strategy for Crime prevention has worked in Kaduna and how this has also improved the level of community safety in Kaduna as well as the level of public confidence in and support for the Nigeria police as an law enforcement organization. Another purpose for carrying out this study is to seek out ways through which Nigeria can build a police organization that is transparent, fair, neutral, accountable and responsive to public perceptions and expectations through a robust police-communities relations. The Nigeria Police, owing to its antecedents has been disconnected from the people and this even made worse in view of the dwindling resources allocated to the organization and the fact that it has to contend with more challenges given the increasing number of Crimes in the society everyday, the new dimensions being added to these Crimes and the increasing demand for the organization to perform. This study is aimed at fashioning out ways through which community-policing could bring the police and the communities it serve to work more closely together by first removing the impediments that have hitherto hindered same from being fully achieved. This study intends to point out the likely challenges to be faced in the march towards a Crime free society via a robust police-community relation and the ways to tackle them. 1. 4Research Questions This research is design to answer the following questions: How effective have community-policing help in preventing Crimes in Kaduna? What is the level of awareness of the public concerning the role of police in preventing and combating crime? How robust and cordial is the relationship between the people and the police in Kaduna? How often do people report unusual happenings in their neighbourhood to the police? What is the level of community involvement in the fight against Crime in Kaduna? What are the role of police in preventing and combating crime in Kaduna? How to improve community policing in Kaduna state? What influence does the corrupt nature of some police have to community policing in Kaduna. 1. 5 Significance of the study The significance of this study is add more to the existing researches and as well to strengthen facts and records as to why Community Policing is important and the and reasons that often lead to decline in Community Policing Management among the stakeholders in Nigeria. Moreover, the study is set to examine both the negative and positive effects of Community Policing as it affect the development of this country. Meaningful developments can only be achieved and sustained if and only if the security of lives and properties are guaranteed, and such can be achieved if information is managed positively. For some time, crimes including Armed Robbery, Theft, Vandalism, Murder, Economic crimes, among others have been committed due to inefficient community policing. In this study, attention is given and focused on how community policing has effects on the development of the country. Therefore, it is of utmost significance to further unearth the causes and reasons for such decline in community policing and its effects on the development of Nigeria. Meanwhile, the study will be of immense importance to stakeholders of the community, which are Nigerians in general. 1. 6 Scope of the Study 1. The scope of this study is on effectiveness of Community Policing as a Strategy for Crime Prevention in Nigeria, the causes of crime as well as the role of the community in combating the crime, especially Kaduna state. Communities have gradually over time, abdicated their role in peace keeping and law enforcement and have place same in the hands of the police with the expectations that it will take on these responsibilities which is citizen’s civic duty. To achieve peace and security, requires that the police and the community must work together to define and develop solutions to problems of crime and deviance. This is because crime prevention is a two way relationship involving the police and the community. The effectiveness of the Nigeria Police depends on how well it carries out its traditional role of combating or preventing Crime, a role that has been put to test lately by not only the outrageous number of Crimes that are committed daily but as well the dimensions these Crimes are now assuming. In the face of all these challenges, the Police must strive to put to use other international best practices aimed at making it achieve its objectives. Community policing is seen as one such measures that will help the Police in its quest to rid society of Crimes and Criminals as well as the consequences. This study is focused on how effective Community Policing has helped the Nigeria Police Kaduna State Command achieve its objectives within the period 2001-2012. 1. 7Research Method This research work rely mainly on primary and secondary sources of data. Structured through the use of Questionnaires which was administered administered to the responding public eliciting their views on salient areas of the subject and was analysed by analyzed using simple percentages, charts and proportions. The secondary sources shall include: books, Journals, Magazines and Newspaper articles and the use of Internet. 1. 8Operational Definition of Terms i. Assessment: A judgment about something based on the understanding of the situation. ii. Community: A group of people with common interests or with shared interests within society. iii. Community-Policing: Entails community partnership with the Police in creating a safe and secure environment for all. iv. Crime: An action created by law or a failure to act as required by law. v. Effectiveness: Working to produce the result that is needed or intended. vi. Policing: The activity of keeping law and order in a place by the police. vii. Prevention: The act of stopping something bad (Crimes) from happening. viii. Strategy: A carefully devised plan of action to achieve a goal or the art of developing or carrying out a plan. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0INTRODUCTION 2. 1THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY Security is a very significant concept that lies at the heart of the very basis of human existence and its growth. The concept enjoys so much debate as to what its constituents are and by implication what it’s really all about. Those that look at it, from the human security sense of the word, see it more holistically and argue along that path than others who see it from a narrow perspective. According to Imobighe (1990), broadly conceived, security has to do with â€Å"freedom from danger or threats to a nation’s ability to develop itself, promote its cherished values and legitimate interests and enhance the well-being of the people. † Implied in this definition is the fact that security manifests at the levels of nation-states, individuals etc. and also has internal dimensions. The South Africa White Paper on Defence (1996) tries to run away from narrowing the concept. To them Security can also be defined as: .. an all-encompassing condition in which Individual citizens live in freedom, peace and Safety; participate fully in the process of governance; Enjoy the protection of fundamental rights; have Access to resources and the basic necessities of life; And inhabit an environment which is not detrimental to their health and wellbeing. The UNDP human development report (1994) raised this concern when it posited that: the concept of security has for too long been interpreted narrowly as security of territory from external aggression, or as protection of national interests in foreign policy or as global security from the threat of a nuclear holocaust. It has been related more to nation-state than people†¦.. forgotten were the legitimate concerns of ordinary people†¦. for many of them, security symbolized protection from the threat of disease, hunger, unemployment, crime, social conflict, political repression, and environmental hazards Looking at it from a narrow point of view, a United Nations study defined security as a condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interest of national security or it can be a measure taken by military unit, activity or installation to protect itself against all acts designed to impair its effectiveness (Gurama 2010). Wolfers (1962) stated that: Security, in an objective sense, measures the absence of threats to acquired values, in a subjective sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked. To Jose and Stevens (2009): Security is the need to feel safe, to feel assured that they know what is going to happen, to know ahead of time what the plans are what constitutes Security can be different for different people. 2. 2THE NEED FOR SECURITY To different people and organizations the need for security stems from different reasons. Whichever angle we look at it, we would see that it is a necessity that cannot be pushed aside with the wave of the hand. Thomas Hobbes had made an impassioned case for state organization and order when he surmised that the absence of a sense of organized security could lead to the following situation: â€Å"Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of war, where every man is enemy to every man, the same is consequent to the time where men live without other security than what their own strength and their own invention shall furnish them withal. In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain, and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving and removing such things as require much force, no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts, no letters, no society, and which is worst of all; continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. † (Reuben Abati 2010). Olujinmi (2005) agreed with the above assertion when he submitted that: criminality is part and parcel of human nature and society. That is why no society can claim to be completely free of crimes and hence the need for security {words in italics mine}. Senator Adolphus Wabara (2005) in his presentation at a national summit on crime and policing in Nigeria said: â€Å"every society needs a strong and effective police force to maintain law and order, to promote peace and harmony and to secure lives and properties†. So the police force is not only central to individual self-actualization, but also to social cohesion, economic development and democratic consolidation (Alemika and Chukwuma 2005). 2. 3SECURITY AS A RIGHT Provision of security by the State to its citizens is a right guaranteed under the constitutions of most States/countries of the modern world. Odinkalu (2005) captured this in his submission thus: The entitlement of human beings and communities everywhere should take such measures as they see it fit to safeguard themselves against threat to human society. Human safety and security are thus human rights with a value of their own and an instrumental function in the construction of human contentment and prosperity. This right pre-dates the institutionalization of the police and other uniformed institutions, which in turn post-dates the emergence of the contemporary State system and notions of sovereignty. Balogun (2003) in a paper presented on electoral violence and national security said: A major goal of any civilized society is to ensure that law and order is maintained thereby guaranteeing the general security of the citizenry and ensuring public tranquility. Chapter II, Section 14 (2) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 states inter alia (a) The security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of government. (b) The participation by the people in their government shall be ensured in accordance with provisions of this Constitution. In accordance with this Constitutional provision, the governments of Nigeria have the responsibility to cater for the security and welfare of Nigerians, and also to ensure that Nigerians freely participate in their governments. The basic form of such participation is the exercise of the right to vote. Therefore any situation that obstructs any citizen from exercising his civic and constitutional rights of voting and be voted for must be taken as a violation of his civic and Constitutional right to freedom of expression. Otubu and Coker (2006) put it more succinctly by positing that security of lives and property is a fundamental human right guaranteed under the 1999 constitution of Nigeria. Efforts have been made by successive administrations, especially since 1999 to provide this. Oshio (2009) states that normally, citizens expect their governments to provide them with political stability and socio-economic security, including employment, healthcare and shelter, the non-fulfillment of which breeds discontent and social unrest or even serious political challenge. 2. 4THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY Every nation of the world today tries to protect and ensure the safety and her people and their property. Thus Onuoha (2008) sees national security as â€Å"the capacity of a state to promote the pursuit and the realization of the fundamental needs and vital interests of man and society and to protect them from threats which may be economic, social, environmental, political, military or epidemiological. † The jurisprudence of national security or state security etc. resolves itself into a consideration of competing interests of the individual, the state or community. And the philosophy of national security is encapsulated in the maxim: (Salu populist est suprema lex) meaning that the safety of the nation is the supreme law. This is so because all the rights of the individuals depend for their very existence upon the continuance of organized political society, the continuance of that society itself depends upon national security, for without national security any society is in danger of collapse or overthrow. The primary objective of Nigeria’s National Security Policy according to former President Olusegun Obasanjo shall be to: strengthen the Federal Republic of Nigeria, to advance her interests and objectives, to contain instability, control crime, eliminate corruption, enhance genuine development, progress and growth, and improve the welfare and well being and the quality of life of every citizen (Grand strategy for national security 2001. ) According to Imobighe (1990), Internal security may be conceived as the Freedom from or the absence of those tendencies which could attenuate internal cohesion and the corporate existence of the nation and its ability to maintain its vital institutions for the promotion of its core values and socio-political and economic objectives, as well as meet the legitimate aspirations of the people. Finally, internal security also implies freedom from danger to life and property and the presence of a conducive atmosphere for the people to pursue their legitimate interests within the society. 2. 5SECURITY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Governments of nations the world over aspire to have their countries rank among the highest in terms of development in all its ramifications. According to Oshio (2009), rapid economic development and social well-being constitute the development imperative of developing countries of the world and indeed, remain the normative goal of the international community. This involves the attainment of sufficient levels of economic growth to allow for a progressive improvement in the material standard of living of the populace. He went further to say that: it is meaningless to talk of development in the absence of national security. In other words, insecurity in a nation is a threat to development Katsina (2009) observed the relevance of internal (national) security to any country’s sustainable development has never been questioned. This is because without an enabling environment in which production, industrial activities and trade can take place and prosper; development would forever remain elusive. To achieve this, states, world over, devise security strategies and policy frameworks that ensure adequate security for their citizens and their properties While to Gurama (2010), Security is the backbone of any society. It is tied to its social, political, economic and cultural growth. Negligence of this vital ingredient of development has led to all manner of social ills, including violent crimes such as armed robbery, ritual killings, child trafficking and other crimes. United Nations (2004) stated that: â€Å"in the twenty-first century, all States and their collective institutions must advance the cause of larger freedom- by ensuring freedom from want freedom from fear and freedom to live in dignity. In an increasingly interconnected world, progress in the areas of development, security and human rights must go hand in hand. There will be no development without security and no security without development. † Arase and Iwuofor (2007) observed that it is well recognized all over the world that peace and security of life and property are the primary conditions for progress and development of any society. 2. 6THREATS TO INTERNAL SECURITY OF NIGERIA Nigeria, like most countries of the modern world is plagued by a myriad of problems the list of which is unending. Notable among these problems is the issue of threats to internal security. Ogundiya (2009) opined that Nigeria is a state under perpetual internal security threat. At a more general level the threat has social, economic, political and environmental dimensions. Each of these dimensions, singly and conjointly, greatly affects the nation’s stability and well-being. Threats to human and national security ranges from the menace of separatist demands, illegal militia armies, ethnic and religious conflicts, terrorism, armed robbery, corruption and poverty to sabotage of public properties, economic sabotage and environmental degradation. Among these, ethno-religious fighting and violent attacks in the oil-rich Niger Delta forms the major security dilemma. The predominant threats and security challenges in the area are emanating from un-abating attacks on oil installations, arm proliferation, sea piracy, youth restiveness, bunkering, kidnap and hostage taking. Abdulsalam (2005) tries to look at these security threats in relation to Nigeria’s nascent democracy and he said: some of the major security problems currently confronting the nation have been identified to include: political and electioneering conflicts, socio-economic agitations, ethno-religious crises, ethnic militias, boundary disputes, cultism, criminality and organized crimes. These problems individually and collectively constitute threats to the peace, security and development of the country. Invariably, they have implications for the continuity and survival of the nations nascent democracy. There have been several ethno-religious conflicts in the history of Nigeria, but in recent times, these problems appear to be escalating at an intolerable scale. Ethnic and the foregoing problems and criminal activities individually and collectively create insecurity and breach of the peace that are likely to or indeed affect legitimate social and economic activities in the country. Oshio (2009) on his part posited that: It needs no citation of authority to establish the overwhelming presence of crime and violence in Nigeria today. Despite various laws (old and new) armed robbery, ethnic/communal clashes, religious riots and upheavals leaving many dead and others maimed and homeless are the order of the day. Many Nigerians have fallen to the assassins’ bullets/letter bombs. Others have been kidnapped and only released on huge ransom which re-payment they may not be able to achieve for the rest of their lives. From Dele Giwa, Bola Ige, and recently Ohu, all security agencies Police, SSS, army etc. have not been able to unravel the whereabouts of the assassins. Kidnapping has become a very fast-growing industry enriching the criminals with millions of Naira on daily basis. 2. 7SOME MAJOR SECURITY THREATS IN NIGERIA 2. 7. 1 CIVIL DISTURBANCES Civil disturbances occur when a group of individuals disrupt essential functions, damage property, or threaten the well being of other individuals. Large-scale civil disturbances rarely occur. Situations that spawn civil disturbances include: Labour disputes with a high degree of animosity between the dissenting parties; High profile or controversial judicial proceedings; Implementation of controversial laws or other governmental actions; Resource shortages because of catastrophic events; Disagreements between special interest groups; Perceived unjust death or injury of a person held in high regard by a particular segment of society. Civil disturbances can expand to cover large portions of a community and include individuals not associated with the initial conflict. Areas particularly vulnerable to civil disturbances include government buildings, military installations, universities, controversial businesses, service providers, and critical service facilities such as police and fire stations. Sports arenas and facilities for large gatherings can also be vulnerable. Prison uprisings are also a form of civil disturbance. Response to and recovery from civil disturbances involves many community agencies and the general public corporations . 2. 7. 2 ROBBERY Robbery is a regular feature of every human society, even among animals, robbery takes place. Robbery is the crime of seizing property through violence or intimidation. This is different from embezzlement, larceny, and theft. Piracy is a type of robbery. Armed robbery involves the use of a weapon. Highway robbery takes place outside and in a public place. Robbery is generally an urban crime. Carjacking is the act of robbing a car from a victim, usually at gunpoint. Robbery can also be seen as the taking or attempting to take something of value from another by violence or the threat of violence. Robbery can be committed against individuals, businesses, and institutions like banks. It is a felony in all states. Threatening people on the streets with a baseball bat and demanding all their money and jewelry is robbery, even if the person is not injured. Pushing an elderly woman down on the sidewalk to steal her purse is also robbery. 2. 7. 3 THEFT It actually involves act of making unlawful claims over someone else’s property or â€Å"illegal taking of another person’s property without the person’s freely-given consent†. Ordinarily, the term theft is used to describe some other criminal acts that relate to illegal acquisition of another person’s property or acts of stealing like burglary, larceny, looting, fraud and embezzlement, to mention a few. Theft can be perpetrated in various ways. 2. 7. 4ARSON Arson can be described to mean a deliberate act of destructively setting another person’s or one self’s property on fire for specific motives. For instance, someone can decide to set his/her property on fire with the criminal intention of illegally getting claims from the insurance company. Most times this crime is usually perpetrated by one party against another party. 2. 7. 5 KIDNAPPING The incidence of kidnapping has become a grave security threat both locally and internationally. Many families have lost their loved ones through the dastardly acts of kidnapping. Apart from loss of lives, kidnapping also has implications on the economy of the state as well as that of individuals. At this point, let us quickly look at some definitions of the term kidnapping. However, kidnapping can be described as a form security threat that involves: the taking away or exportation of a person against the persons will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement without legal authority. This may be done for ransom or in furtherance of another crime, or in connection with a child custody dispute. It can also be seen as:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the taking away of a person against the persons will, usually to hold the person for ransom or in furtherance of another crime. In the terminology of the common law in many jurisdictions, the crime of kidnapping is labeled abduction when the victim is a woman. The nefarious activities of some of the militants in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has actually made popular kidnapping as a source of making quick money. The problem is spreading fast to other regions of the country. 2. 8 ROLE OF NIGERIAN POLICE AND OTHER SISTER AGENCIES IN SECURITY MANAGEMENT The internal security of a nation is a vital ingredient for the effective working of its superstructures. The government recognized this hence the setting up of security and or law enforcement agencies that are charged with the responsibility of ensuring this. The one time Inspector General of Police Sunday Ehindero (2006) said concerning law enforcement agencies that these: are agencies set up by law to maintain internal security of the state. At the inception of the political entity known today as Nigeria this function was bestowed on the Police force. To Ehindero (2006) the police: occupies a very important position in the maintenance of internal security in democratic society, hence they are given powers by an enabling statute to discharge their task and bring society to order to avoid anarchy and hardship. Section 4 of Police Act cap 359 law of the Federation 1990 state the primary duty of the Nigeria Police, this include: i. Prevention and detection of crime ii. The Apprehension of offenders iii. Preservation of law and order iv. Protection of life and property v. The enforcement of all law vi. Regulation within which they are directly charge vii. Military duties within and outside Nigeria it may require by the Law. One time Senate President Adolphus Wabara (2006) understood the role of the police and its enormity when he asserted that: the role of the police in any human society is enormous. Every society needs a strong and effective police force to maintain law and order, to promote peace and harmony and to secure lives and properties. So the police force is not only central to individual self-actualization, but also to social cohesion, economic development and democratic consolidation. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The enormity of this task is underscored by the fact that the provision of security is one of the main functions of the state. A state that cannot protect the lives and properties of its nationals is not entitled to their loyalty, it is well on the way to becoming a failed state. We all know that the implications of this are too grave to even contemplate. The former President of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo (2006) saw the enormity of the duties of the Police and submitted that: The Nigeria Police is by law charged with the responsibility of preventing and detecting crime, preserving peace and order and enforcing all laws and regulations. The duties placed on the Police are indeed overwhelmin

International Business Price Discrimination Strategy sample

Question: Discuss about the Report for International Business of Price Discrimination Strategy. Answer: Introduction The main aim of the report is to highlight the political, cultural, economic and technological environment of Nepal. Because McDonalds wants to extend their business in Nepal and it is very important for a company to study the market thoroughly before entering the market. So this report provides a detail of the country Nepal, which will help the company to highlight the required changes that they need to make. This report also suggests different strategies that McDonalds need to follow before entering the market of Nepal and also highlights the company McDonalds. This report highlights the companys marketing strategies, strength, weaknesses and different aspects of the company. Company Background: McDonalds was started in 1995 by Ray Kroc, at 400 North Lee Avenue in Des Plaines, Illinois near Chicago. It is the most famous and largest fast food brand in the world. It is a successful company. From 2015 the country started operating in 36,258 locations in 119 countries and every day the company serves around 69 million customers ("Ambition Corporate Mission - McDonald's : AboutMcDonalds.com", 2016). The business model of the company is simple, which provides persistent dining experience, fast services, and quality food in the location. Almost 80 percent of the McDonalds restaurants are franchised, which means that the restaurants are owned by an entrepreneur who buys the right to use the brand name and sell their products. All the owner of the franchise gets access to the brand cooking system, selling food and its extended marketing and advertising resources. No doubt that the company operates globally but it depends heavily on the American markets. 40 percent of the McDonald's operating income is generated by the outlets in the America and another 40 percent is generated by the countries, which includes Canada, Australia, UK, France, and Germany ("Ambition Corporate Mission - McDonald's : AboutMcDonalds.com", 2016). Strength The greatest strength of the company is its highly famous brand name. The company is equated to fast food by many people and products such as French fries and hamburgers. And many people credit McDonalds for introducing fast food and changing the eating habits of the worlds. In the recent years, McDonalds have been witnessing a decline in market share and revenues. The company reported a 2.28 billion dollars fall in revenue in 2015 as compared to 2014. The fall in the market share indicated that the sales of the company are declining and it is facing difficulties in maintaining the market share (Jurevicius, 2016). Despite the falling market share the profitability of the company remained unaffected. The company reported an 18.5 percent of profit margin and 4.18 billion dollars net income on June 30th, 2015. The greatest strength of the company is the number of countries where the company operates. 60 percent of the companys revenue is generated outside America which means that the company can survive with the declining market share in America, in comparison to another brand such as Burger king, which earns 98 percent of its income from the US (Jurevicius, 2016). Threats The greatest fear of the company is the increasing competitive fast food market in the United States. The company is also facing the changing needs and tastes of the customers and the increasing variety of the direct competitors. The main competitors of the company in the USA are Starbucks, Taco bell, KFC, pizza hut etc (Makos, 2015). According to many observers, the greatest threat for the company is Chipotle Mexican Grill. Chipotle on 30th June 2015 reported revenue of 4,441 billion dollars, which is four times more than that of another food chain Jack in the Box. And in the recent years, the revenue of Chipotle has increased from 2.04 billion dollars in 2011 to 4.441 billion dollars in 2015 (Makos, 2015). One more threat faced by the company is that many people are of the view that the food provided by the company is not high quality as compared to its competitors. And many customers are of the view that the foods of McDonalds are not healthy. With the increasing competition the company was forced to make drastic changes in its operation. The company announces an increased in salary in the stores that are owned by the company in 2015, the company also decided to serve breakfast throughout the day and eliminate eight food items from their menu. However, the nature of the changes was unidentified but it will involve a high cost, further cutting down their revenues. Other problems that may arise is the franchisees revolt, because of the changes they may lose potential customers who value their menu (Makos, 2015). Entry strategy The company serves a menu which is relevant to the locality and also provides several food and drinks at an affordable price across 100 countries. The global system of McDonalds comprises both of franchised restaurants and company-owned. The franchised restaurant of McDonalds is operated and owned based on one of the following structures, which includes conventional franchise and development license and affiliated. The franchisee of the company signs an agreement with the company to maintain the quality and name of the brand. The main entry strategy followed by the company is a franchisee, with the majority of the restaurant of McDonalds, are owned and operated by the independent franchisees (82%). The franchise contributes to the revenue of the company by paying the rent and royalties, which is based on the percentage of sales. The agreement for the conventional franchise last for twenty years and this practice is followed all across the globe ("McDonalds Official Global Corporate Website: AboutMcDonalds.com", 2016). Products The company offers a uniform menu but there are variations based on the geographic location of the country to suit the taste and preferences of the localities. The menu of the company includes cheeseburgers, hamburgers, quarter pounder, big Mac, several chicken sandwiches, chicken McNuggets, coffee, cold drinks and much more. The restaurant also sells varieties of product within a limited period of time. The company in the USA and in many other international destinations offers a limited of full breakfast menu. The breakfast menu includes egg muffins, McGriddles, biscuit, sausage muffin with eggs and much more. The company believes in providing quality and nutritious food to its customers ("McDonalds Official Global Corporate Website : AboutMcDonalds.com", 2016). Customers The business of the company is not dependent on a small group or single customer. Price discrimination Price discrimination is the phenomenon adopted by the companies, where they sell identical products at different prices. The income distributions of different countries are different, so it is not possible for the companies to keep the same price for their products in every country. Thus, the company has introduced different low price menu in different countries, which helps them in reaching out a huge number of customers, this also serves the purpose of sales maximization and also increase the popularity of the company among common people (" Price Discrimination Strategy", 2016). Promotions McDonalds uses different promotional techniques, which includes personal selling, advertisement, sales promotion, direct marketing and public relation. With the help of these five promotional techniques allows McDonald to integrate communication program of marketing, allowing the company to access the communication channel properly, easily transfer products and messages to the targeted audiences ("McDonald's Official Global Corporate Website : AboutMcDonalds.com", 2016). Human resource management issues There are several human resources issues that are face by the companies, the employers and the employees. In the present scenario with the rapid development of both the small-scale and large scale industries the need for human resource management, ability to avoid and forecast the issues that arises with it, is growing. There are different issues that every company faces and they are as follows: Recruitment and outsourcing: the manager of the firm can manage his workforce better if he knows how to recruit the best workforce, because it becomes much easier to work with a bunch of people who are familiar with the recruitment process. The manager can minimise the problem by improvising different features of this process, by attending careers events, writing accurate and effective job advertisements and improving his/her way of conducting the interview process. In the recent years the recruitment has become more a marketing process, it is very crucial for the company to generate interest in the job to recruit the perfect employee. The human resource management also face the problem of outsourcing; outsourcing is the phenomenon when the human resource management decide to hire a freelance worker during the time of economic meltdown instead of employing salaried employees ("The Most Common Issues Faced By Human Resource Managers - CMI", 2016). In fact in Nepal the human resource management of McDonalds will face the problem of recruitment as the country face the problem of shortage of skilled labours. This might be a great problem because the company has to put in a lot of effort and time in the recruitment process. Rights, Discrimination and Conflict Resolutions: Almost all the countries now have very strict laws against discrimination and abusing that may take place in the workplace. So it is the responsibility of the HR manager to be aware of any such happening in the workplace and take necessary actions ("The Most Common Issues Faced By Human Resource Managers - CMI", 2016). In Nepal the businesses are highly affected by the culture, and no business can survive if they function against the culture of the country. So it is the duty of the manager to make sure that their activities are not impacting the culture of the country. And in Nepal beef products are strictly banned, so the managers need to make sure that they do not deal with any beef products in their restaurant. Leadership development: One bigger problem that is faced by the human resource management is the leadership development. It is the responsibility of the human resource managers to provide essential processes, tools, structures and point of views to develop future leaders for the organization ("The Most Common Issues Faced By Human Resource Managers - CMI", 2016). The country where McDonalds want to expand their business faces the problem of shortage of skilled labours, so the managements will face a great problem in developing future leaders for the organization. So the management need to develop the essential skills that are paramount in the recruitment process. Marketing issues All the marketing managers of the firm face different issues relating to the marketing of their products. With the expanding marketing world the role of the marketing managers are also increasing to keep pace with the developments in the marketing and promotion arena. The different marketing issues that are faced by the businesses are highlighted below: Inexperienced team: With the expanding internet marketing, the role of the employees is also increasing. A team may be equipped with different specialities but many of the time they may miss out of different key factors. The managers may face the problem of inexperienced team, which makes it tougher for them to operate efficiently (Lael, 2016). Problem with interpretation of marketing data: With the rapid expansion in the marketing, the lingo of the marketing keeps on changing every year, so it become tough for the managers to keep pace with the changing marketing lingo and it becomes tough for them to interpret the market data. So it is important for the managers to know the general idea that covers CTAS (call to action), CRO (conversion rate optimization), CTR (click through rate) and many more (Lael, 2016). Providing Return on Investment of their marketing activities: according to the 2015 state of inbound report, one of the most important problem that is face by the marketers is to measure their return on investment. It is really tough measuring the ROI for every single marketing activity if the marketers do not have two way communications between the marketing activities and the sales report. So to provide the ROI the management have to dedicate plenty of time and resources, in order to establish a link between the sales report and the marketing activities. For this the managers can use both CRM solution and marketing software and then try to establish a link between the marketing and the sales efforts (Lael, 2016). The above discussion highlights different marketing and human resource management issues and different strategies to overcome such problems. McDonalds is planning to expand their business in Nepal, but the country face the problem of shortage of skilled labours, which may cause further problem for the organization. Recommendations After highlighting the environment of Nepal it is important for McDonalds to concentrate on few things before entering the market of Nepal. Nepal is not economically stable, which is because of the unstable government in the country. The country has witnessed 23 governments in 23 years. And the country also faces a shortage of skilled labours, which may affect the business of the company. The economy of the country is unstable, so it may also affect the business. The corruption level of the country is too high, and the businesses in Nepal are highly influenced by the culture of the country and any business that operates against the culture of the company, will not survive for too long in the market. So it is important for the company to study the market thoroughly before expanding their business in Nepal. And if the company operates in Nepal than they have to set the price of their product low because the economy of the country is not strong. The country also has the potential for business, as in the recent years the political environment is changing, with the commitment of the government increase the national production optimally. Economic policies are becoming more liberal to make a free market. Monetary policy is tuned finely; the country has also realized the importance of the private sector. Government invest mainly in infrastructure. New trade policies promoted exports and helped reducing trade imbalance. Different import licensing system and quantitative restriction were also abolished. Export procedures were simplified and there were rapid financial reforms, which will benefit the business. The country has considerable potential for tourism, benefiting the company to acquire new customers. During the peak seasons, the restaurants will get many customers increasing their sales. In Nepal, there is widespread of family patronage of the business. So franchisee technique of entering the country will help the company to start their business in Nepal. The business in Nepal is highly affected by the cultural values of the country so it is important for the company to concentrate on the cultural values of the country and the employees of the company need to improve their intercultural communicational skills because cultures are highly valued in the country. References Price Discrimination Strategy. (2016). Globalization. Retrieved 29 May 2016, from https://mcdonaldsstrategies.weebly.com/-rarr-price-discrimination-strategy.html Ambition Corporate Mission - McDonald's :: AboutMcDonalds.com. (2016). Aboutmcdonalds.com. Retrieved 29 May 2016, from https://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/mcd/our_company/our-ambition.html Country Environmental Analysis for Nepal. (2004). Asian Development Bank. Retrieved 29 May 2016, from https://www.adb.org/documents/country-environmental-analysis-nepal Culture Religion in Nepal. (2016). Nepallink.com. 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