Western Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Western Civilization - Essay Example In reference to the creation of the universe and the formation of galaxies which are found to have taken place under a great deal of time and evolution, one must figure how indispensable a â€Å"first cause† is for according to Aquinas, an infinite series of causes is not possible. Though the universe seems infinite in space with unfathomable mysteries left to be explored, it has its beginning and thus, a cause which is itself not subject to a prerequisite of a separate cause. This proof serves a link and support to the fourth proof which accounts for the statement that God is the â€Å"greatest being†. Scientific efforts have heretofore shown evidence of how vast the immeasurable universe is and that our solar system is merely comprised in the Milky Way galaxy out of the hundreds of billions of galaxies known so far and this fact certainly leads us to imagine how astonishingly immense the Maker is of all these already colossal things. By the fifth proof, the saint argues â€Å"whatever acts for an end must be directed by an intelligent being.† Gravitational pull or force of gravity, as majority are fully aware of, keeps everything in place and puts the universe in perfect order as if it has originated from a thinking source that knows how to calculate, premeditate, and discern the heart of nature with remarkable sensibility. Looking at the symmetry widely present throughout creation within and beyond earth, it is rather difficult to deny that something or someone intelligent is responsible for the orderly structure and state of equilibrium. Otherwise, neither this world nor the overly extensive dimension it is a part of would have survived if it were to emerge from chances at random instead of through God’s intelligence by which logic and beauty alike are preserved. At this stage, it makes all the more sense to declare the third proof with conviction that God, indeed, is

History of Japanese Painting Odano Naotake Essay Example for Free

History of Japanese Painting Odano Naotake Essay Odano Naotake (1759 – 1780) was a painter from the Akita Ranga art school. This art school was a by-product of the ‘rangaku’, the ‘Dutch learning’. Rangaku was an important movement in eighteenth-century Japan. It is the study of Holland and the Dutch during the time that the Dutch trade post on Desjima the only connection was with the outside world and the west. Through this contact, Japan stayed informed about Western developments, such as health care and other technologies. This made Japan capable of fast modernization after the opening of the country in 1854. The Rangaku painters painted traditional Japanese themes with the use of Western techniques. The difference from the traditional paintings was the use of shadows, perspective and reflections. The painters also started using the color blue for the sky and sea. Naotake was also influenced by this new intellectual movement through Hiraga Gennai, a natural scientist and student of the Rangaky. He inspired Naotake to study these new Western painting methods as well. He moved to Edo (Tokyo) to continue his studies there. Through contacts with other painters, Naotake mastered the painting of ‘bird and flower’, which is a traditional Jananese style painting with the use of Western perspective and depth. These methods brought these paintings to a higher level, more than just decorations. Naotake also illustrated Japan’s first anatomy book, the Kaitai shinsho. This book was a Japanese translation of the Dutch book â€Å"Ontleedkundige Tafelen†, which was imported from Holland. Together with Gennai and Lord Satake Shozan (1748-85), Naotake started the Akita Ranga school of Art. When Gennai was arrested for killing a student and died shortly afterwards, Naotake was send away from his post in Edo. These developments made the school fall apart. ? Works Cited Johnson, H. Western Influence of Japanese Art: The Akita Ranga Art School. Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2005.

How The Nuclear Agenda Influenced American Popular Culture History Essay

How The Nuclear Agenda Influenced American Popular Culture History Essay August 6th, 1945, ushered in the beginning of a new era, one to be forever known as the Atomic Age. The dropping of the worlds first atom bomb over Hiroshima signalled a defining moment in human history. From that moment on the nuclear agenda would come to influence not only international affairs, but the everyday lives of people all around the world. The 17 year period from 1945-62 saw huge changes for American society, in particular the development and expansion of popular culture. How in fact popular culture was influenced by this new nuclear agenda holds the basis for this essay. It will focus on both the direct influences of a new atomic culture, as well as the indirect influences that a new nuclear world had on the popular arts. For the purpose of this essay it is essential to have a working definition for popular culture, in this instance popular culture will be defined as a commercial culture based on popular tastes. From Hollywood movies to comic books, a new nuclear technol ogy became an important characteristic in portraying the lives of everyday Americans. Along with a new kind of nuclear diplomacy theses influences would show themselves in some of the greatest pieces of twentieth century popular culture. What this meant for a nuclear generation and how it showed the signs of a cultural revival will be additional themes to explore. The atomic bomb revolutionised American life. In all areas economic, social, political it challenged old assumptions and forced reconsideration of accepted standards (Winkler, 1999: 9). The dropping of the first atomic bomb on that historic day insured at least one thing, a changed world. Rosenblatt neatly describes it, as a moment where nothing has ever been the same since. From that moment everything changed: subsequent wars, subsequent peace, art, culture, the position of science, the role of the military, international politics, and the conduct of lives; all changed. Other ages in history were characterized by heroes or by ideas. The atomic age is characterized by a weapon and a threat. (Rosenblatt, 2005:1) The end to fighting in World War II brought a period of relative peace in which popular culture was allowed to flourish. Boyer (1985) reveals that this new popular culture encompassed most areas of recreational life, although there were many alterations in interests and tastes. During the 50s and 60s particularly, popular culture appealed to a younger generation who had become an increasingly significant social group. Rock nRoll had become the main focal point for a young generation, and the novel realization of breaking away from childhood, caused the teenagers to become a defined social group in their own right. Teenagers began to reject the old fashioned attitudes and conventions of their parents and rebel against conformity. As stated by Shapiro (2002) this new generation of teenagers started developing a culture from the American teenage way of life, and alongside the behaviour got themselves part-time jobs to help them earn money to spend on movies, fashion, music and other ent ertainment. Boyer (1985) agrees adding that teenagers could now secure a good amount of money for their wants and needs like making trips to the movies and the purchasing of commercial goods, which became big business for the advertisement and film industries, which duly swooped in on their opportunities. Films which were produced and targeted by the teenage audience solely served to unite the teenage image more extensively. With films like Rebel without a Cause (1954) and The Wild One (1953) movies presented a separate image for the teenage rebel. The indirect effect of a growing nuclear agenda, seemingly allowed a world free from direct military conflict to find its voice again. War time popular culture had been heavily centred around the war effort, yet in this brief period popular culture begun to revolutionise. It became increasingly important for a post World War II America to enjoy this time of relative peace. Subsequently this saw a huge rise in a new consumerism in which tr ends and fashions; that had seemingly been put on hold during the war years, could dominate popular culture once again. The changing dynamics of a nuclear agenda began to have a more direct influence on popular culture, this period created what Zeman and Admundson (2004) call the early atomic culture. This distinct period saw an escalation in the nuclear agendas influence on the shaping of popular culture. Both the enthusiasm and fear surrounding new nuclear weapons would be portrayed in this expansive new arena. From the secrecy of the Manhattan Project to its introduction on a world stage in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, this new technology offset an atomic culture. It would be wrong to say that after its first military use the bomb became a subject for fear and anxiety. In truth the majority of Americans at that time were unaware nuclear weapons even existed. For many this was the weapon that had ended the war, saved thousands of American lives and brought forward a longed for epoch of peace. As Winkler agrees, Americans first reaction overwhelmingly was one of euphoria and the bomb became celebrated in popular culture in a well-liked country western song, When the Atom Bomb Fell, recorded in December 1945, which attested to this view as it declared the bomb the answer to our fighting prayers boys(in Zeman and Amundson, 2004:3). Many Americans set aside lurking fears of the new nuclear weapon as they contemplated the golden age of abundance that beckoned after World War II. They were further persuaded by the speeches of President Truman who hailed the atomic bomb as a god given tremendous discovery and one to bring together one human community. Others like David Lilienthal where also quick to speak out over the limitless beneficial applications of atomic energy (Winkler, 1999: 137). The atomic bomb continued throughout the period to be closely linked with its positive benefits and government programs attempted to educate the public about the science behind the bomb. An educational video produced by none other than Walt Disney was commissioned in 1957 entitled Our Friend the Atom, which attempted to demonstrate the benefits of the nuclear age and the wonder of this new technology. This film was shown in schools throughout America and became increasingly significant in showing nuclear power in a favourable lig ht. Other videos such as A is for Atom sponsored and paid for by General Electric were also produced to try and help explain the benefits of nuclear technology. This is not to say that the dropping of the bomb in Hiroshima went unnoticed. As mention by Gamson; H.V.Kaltenborn, the dean of radio news commentators, warned his NBC audience on the very same day, For all we know we have created a Frankenstein! We must assume that with the passage of only a little time, an improved form of the new weapon we use today can be turned against us. (1987:15) The continued promotion of the nuclear agenda also expanded to the American commercial markets, and the wonders of the bomb became tied in with consumerism. 1946 saw the General Mills Corporation expansion into Atomic Bomb Rings with the Kix cereal boxtop. Advertised as a gleaming aluminium warhead, see real atoms SPLIT cried the advert, and some 750,000 American children inundated General Mills for their own Atomic Bomb Ring. Boyer (1985) identifies this move from a promotional premium, to that which actually premeditated several cultural themes that would obsess America in the years ahead. Another example from Boyer reveals that only days after the dropping of the bomb on Hiroshima, retail shops were offering atomic sales and products offering atomic results. (1985: 9) This type of cultural consumerism seems void of the true fear that would come to surround the nuclear agenda. Instead it highlights the apparent ease into which America welcomed the birth of the atomic bomb; although this was not always the case. This period in American history coincided with attempts at a new world order and the emergence of the United States as a global superpower. Political, social, economic and ideological issues became not only domestic but international issues. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan in particular were set up to help fund an American friendly Europe. The movement of the nuclear agenda began to change with the American foreign policy of Containment, an uneasy separation both geographically and ideological, which would see Churchill talk up fears of an Iron Curtain. These international fears would spark a concern of a superpower rivalry and after the Soviet tests of 1949; two countries with conflicting ideologies now had the most destructive weapon ever invented. Hollywood was quick in using the new found nuclear agenda for film ideas. The Manhattan project was dramatized in the 1947 film The Beginning or the End, one of the first of several films on the subject. The film tackled the creation of the atomic bomb and its subsequent use in both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Filmmakers saw this new nuclear agenda, as a story waiting to be told. One of the trailers produced at the time to promote the film showed an interviewer asking movie goers for their thoughts on what theyd just seen. You cant ignore this picture one women said and the most important motion picture I have ever seen said another. These along with taglines such as the men, the magic the machines saw an increased interest in the development of the bomb. The subject matter was of course both dramatic and dangerously fascinating to a new generation. It talked about the secrecy behind the Manhattan Project and the destructive power behind the bomb. It led many to pose questions in particu lar like that within the films title; was this the beginning or the end? The film industry could now see the need and want of the people to know about the bomb. Much of the film was of course a sensationalised view, and alot of what the Manhattan Project was actually about was unknown by those making the films. Although the sentiment and an increased interest around the bomb would see that the nuclear agenda would continue to influence film. A particular genre within Hollywood that would see a rise in popularity at this time was film noir. As Kakutani identifies in the wake of World War II and with anxieties created by the dawning of the atomic age, film noir a sometimes nihilistic genre became galvanised. The likes of Kiss Me Deadly and Fallen Angel found success at the box office. The genre with its partiality to outsiders and deeply rebellious themes inevitably appeared and emblematized at a time of deep stress. (2001: 1) These kinds of Hollywood films began to show a prevailing attitude that the nuclear agenda had brought about. Hunner (in Zeman and Amundson) describes the nuclear agenda as a totally new age, one full of promise and peril. People searched for a new way of living under this new age thus creating this new culture. And the reason why the nuclear agenda began to find its way into popular culture had a lot to do with the changing nature of nuclear importance. From the creation of the atom bomb moving to the advances with the first nuclear power plant, the science behind the bomb began to spread to new technologies. Nuclear powered aeroplanes and submarines were just some of the uses that that the Unites States found for nuclear energy. Even with these new advances a key turning point for the bomb would come in 1949. Zeman and Amundson (2004) identify this development from the early atomic culture morphing into the high atomic culture of 1949 to 1963. The following years were seemingly different from the earlier phases, as one key turning point would stress. This period saw the American nuclear mo nopoly which had been expected to last until the 1960s, come to an abrupt end in August of 1949. The Soviets after Hiroshima had been working from the American design to build an atom bomb for itself, and the first Soviet test in Kazakhstan steppe signalled a build up of arms. The Soviet atomic test ensured a changing nuclear agenda from the wonder of technology to a characterization of an enemy. A two superpower world would change the very nature of popular culture. The change in nuclear agenda saw an alteration in the types of films being produced in Hollywood. In the 1950s and 1960s, a number of movies attempted to make social commentaries on the war. As Day reveals Films like On the Beach, Fail Safe and The Bedford Incident all took a grim tone about humanitys future, wagging a finger at world leaders who held the fate of the world in their hands and implying that words like democracy and communism had little meaning when the world was teetering on the brink of Armageddon. (Day, 2004: 1). The shift in agenda also introduced the introduction of the B movies which entertained the fear of mutilation. Films such as Them where giant ants mutated by atomic radiation threaten US cities in the South West, and Attack of the Crab Monster were becoming increasingly popular to an American audience. The links to events in the international community such as the nuclear accident in Castle Bravo and Chelyabinsk in 1957 brought about a sense of anxiety. The idea of being exposed to dangerous levels of radiation further influenced the idea of mutation. One of the most recognised films of this period and one that would inspire numerous re-makes was Godzilla. The original Hollywood version in 1954 is considered to be the correspondence of the nuclear weapons which were dropped in Japan. The film unlike its B movie counterparts had a bigger budget and became instantly popular. Other films such as Mickey Rooneys Atomic Kid (1954) which appeared to disassociate the potential of nuclear radiation, failed to do so well at the box office. Later films such as Dr Strangelove would also focus on the idea of a doomsday advice. Other signs that showed the increasing significance of the nuclear agenda were no more apparent than in the Laurel and Hardy motion picture Atoll K. A well loved and admire comedy duo choose for their last screen outing to portray a shipwreck on an island rich in Uranium deposits. It was a far cry from there simplistic and po pular humour which had served them well earlier in their careers. In truth Hollywood had become infiltrated by a collection of A and B movies each adding their representations to the nuclear agenda. As well as Hollywood films the American Civil Defence began producing advice videos such as Burt the Turtle and Duck for Cover. They were clearly designed to help to combat the fear of nuclear catastrophe, and were used to reassure the general public about the dangers of nuclear weapons. They would usually involve drills for mass departure to fallout shelters, and popularized the likes of Duck and Cover. The drills with their indications of dissonantly empty streets and the hiding activity from the nuclear bomb under the schoolroom desk, would later could turn into symbols of the expected inescapable and popular fate formed by those weapons. Most Americans were affected by these videos, especially amongst those in the richer classes who could afford the back-yard fallout shelters which offered a diminutive protection from the direct attack and could keep away from the wind-blown fallout, for some days or weeks. Popular culture within America increased extensively in the early 1950s and 60s, with widespread tensions growing amongst segregated groups in society. The cultural significance of such movements as the non violent rebellion 1955-60, brought the hope of peace and equality for many Americans. The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the influence of charismatic race leaders such as Martin Luther King promoted the need for non-violence; such a belief directly opposed the violent and intermediating prospect of nuclear war. As King himself was quoted in a speech denouncing atomic warfare entitled Time to Break Silence, Communism will never be defeated by the use of atomic bombs or nuclear weapons. These are days which demand wise restraint and calm reasonableness. Whilst King was a strong figure fighting for an end to segregation and civil rights the effect of the nuclear agenda was still quite evident in all aspects of American life. Fairclough points out if it were not for the nuclear agenda; th e case and call for civil rights might have been addressed a generation earlier. (2001: 249) The effect of previous atomic tests and the sight of great chemical explosions found itself positioned in kitsch art. Titus (in Zeman and Amundson) recognises how the mushroom served as symbol for weapons themselves. Pictures on the nuclear weapons never became public until 1960 and even those were only the mock-ups for the Fat Man and the Little Boy. Diagrams of the bombs interior working have been obtainable only for the last few years since design for nuclear weapons became the most strictly guarded secret. These all had an impact of fear on society has well as the nuclear diplomacy that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union. The nuclear agenda found itself quickly ingrained within American life. The nuclear agenda that followed the end of fighting in WWII took on a life of its own, and yet was not the first time popular culture had embraced nuclear technology. Ironically the first reference to the nuclear agenda comes not after its first military use but it can be traced back to 1908 in H.G Wells, The War in the Air as well as his subsequently work The World Set Free. The novels first explored the prospect of a nuclear holocaust and an atomic bomb that would be used in war. Perhaps even more telling was the influence it would have on one Leo Szilard. The nuclear agenda might have started life as science fiction but its influence would most definitely lead to science fact. At a time of a new found fascination in the science behind the bomb, it would seem inevitable that the science fiction genre would experience an increased popularity, and it did. Suddenly the question of what the future might hold, the question of what if, gained a horrible new importance. Now, instead of l ooking a thousand years ahead, humanity was looking at the hands of a Doomsday Clock that were edging closer to midnight. (Plested, 2009:1). Nuclear weapons would become a fastener element in the science fiction novels. The phrase atomic bomb predated their continuation when scientist had realized the ending of radioactivity had a potential implication of limitless energy. Until then, the word atomic had been nothing more than a convenient gimmick in science fiction, a buzzword that provided power for everything from pistols to robots to spaceships. Once the atomic bomb had been used, it proved this scientific leap forward, a leap which proved that science fiction authors were not such wild-eyed dreamers as had been thought' (Plested, 2009: 1). However, the science fiction novels began to follow and treat the threat of potential nuclear fallout and its implications for society. Newman, K. (2000) notes the various popular novels like the Babylon, Alas and On the Beach reviewed the af termath of the nuclear war. Other science fiction novels like A Canticle for Leibowitz exposed the long-standing consequences of a nuclear war. Hand in hand with the immediate perils of thermonuclear death, science fiction introduced the public to the other horsemen of the new Apocalypse: Fallout, Nuclear Winter, and Mutation. The latter provided heady fare for the filmmakers of the 1950s, with screens filled with shambling monstrosities of every shape, size and species. (Plested, 2009:1) The crisis of the Cold War coincided with the emergence of the Television, it grew in stature and with the growth of consumerism by the 1950s the TV quickly became a technological novelty an inescapable medium that quickly rivalled the power of movies, radio and mass circulation magazines (Whifield, 1991:153). In 1946 around 7000 American owned their own television set and by 1960, 50 million sets had been purchased and over 530 stations were available by 1961. Yet the reality of nuclear weapons haunted not just photographs and newsreels of Hiroshima and Nagasaki but visions of the future. In 1950 LIFE predicted the growing likelihood of World War III in the essay How U.S. Cities Cab Prepare for Atomic War. Colliers described a hypothetical atomic attack on New York in Hiroshima U.S.A: Can anything be done about it? (Boyd, 1985: 23) Nuclear anxieties boosted the popularity of psychoanalysis an probed the subconscious. Signs of the impacted nuclear agenda also found their way into the music industry. Many songs such as Skip Stanleys Satellite Baby pleaded: Nuclear baby dont fission out on mewere gonna rock it, were gonna rock it.Isotope daddys found out what you are worth. As well as the likes of Bob Dylan with his 1962 song A Hard Rains Gonna fail which was thought to have alluded to an upsurge in the possibility of a nuclear fallout. Through the progression of the nuclear period protest songs in particular became more frequent, such as 99 red balloons, and Relax by Frankie Goes To Hollywood. These songs became opposition against a nuclear build up and warning songs while others utilized the theme like allusion to a huge destruction in general. This period also began to see the rise in the popularity of tranquillity organizations such as the CND. Newman, K. (2000) said the CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament) was one of the principle organizations campaigning in opposition to the bomb. Its symbo l, a grouping of the semaphone symbols for D (disarmament) and N (nuclear) came into the modern culture as icon for peace. 1962 saw a flashpoint in the course of the Cold War, a socialist revolution in Cuba would bring the world closer to nuclear war than ever before. The Cuban Missile Crisis illustrated how fragile the balance between a nuclear war and peace had become. The period of time saw a shift in public opinion towards the bomb, how close the world had come to catastrophe had shown Americans the true terror of a nuclear attack. Popular culture moved into a new era of fear and more open criticism of the nuclear programme (Zeman and Amundson, 2004: 4) The scale of influence the nuclear agenda had on popular culture became elevated as the threat of nuclear war become more possible. The time frame saw a great deal of change within America. It becomes apparent that the early atomic culture had a huge influence on popular culture, but the ways in which it affected it were various to say the least. From civil defence videos to sci-fi b movies, the period generated a phenomenal amount of popular culture. The significance is perhaps the diversity of the materials and the changes the nuclear agenda brought into popular culture. The strength of the nuclear culture insured it was impossible for outlets to ignore, instead the bomb in sorts became commercialised and the threat of apocalypse became a somewhat side point. In truth, it would appear in an era of progression and change the nuclear agenda became quite dominant in popular culture. It affected the lives on not only Americans but those in a global community. The turning point perhaps comes at the end of this period during the 13 days of the Cuban Missile Crisis, where the nuclear agenda hatched up the fear and tensions of an American society who had been blissfully unaware of the true dangers happening behind closed doors.

Biography of Myra Belle Starr :: Myra Belle Starr Biographies Essays

Biography of Myra Belle Starr Myra Belle Starr was born in 1848 in the little town of Carthage, Missouri. Myra Belle Shirley later became Belle Starr. She was also one of the three children. When Belle Starr’s older brother died her family moved right outside of Dallas to a little town known as Scyene, Texas. Years later on the 1860’s Belle became involved with a bank robber Cole Younger; he robbed several banks and was hiding from the law. Cole stayed with Belle for a few months until the coast was clear. A few months later after everything was settled, and Cole had gone, Belle Starr gave birth to a beautiful baby girl, named Belle Starr. After Cole and left her she fell in love with another bank and train robber, named Jim Reed. With Jim, Belle Starr became a gang member. The gang members put on a special marriage ceremony for Jim and Belle. After two years Jim was still being chased by the law and moved Belle and Pearl to California, she had another baby named Edward Reed. Starr and two of Reed’s friends robbed a local prospector. In August of 1874 Sheriff John T. Morris who lived in Collin County, Texas, shot and killed Jim Reed. Belle Starr left her two kids with her family members. Belle’s next heartthrob was a Creek Indian outlaw who was known as Jim July. Starr became a Grandmother in 1887, Pearl Younger refused to identif7 the baby’s father, and so then Belle refused to have to child around. After riding part of the way to Fort Smith with Jim July on Feb. 3,1889. Starr turned to go back home but never made it. Pearl found her Mom’s saddle horse in the yard without her Mom. The neighbor found Belle face down on the muddy rode, DEAD. Belle Starr was shot with her shotgun in her back. The gunman shot her off of her horse. After the men were shoveling dirt on her grave, Jim July took a rifle and pointed it at the neighbor and yelled, â€Å" You murdered my wife!† But didn’t shoot. At the hearing of whether Watson was held for murder, after all he was not guilty.

Research Essay

Research I I. The effectiveness of Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) as a soap†¦ II. The Feasibility of Paper to become Furniture†¦ III. The capability of Talahib (Saccharum spotaneum) to become a rope†¦ The Effectiveness of Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) as a Cleaning Agent (Biologically- Based Research) Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background of the Study In our world, the taste of the chili was not famous to some people because it is spicy, hot, and very less aroma when eaten but because of its taste it is later on found out that chili was a good mosquito killer because of its pesticidal property while kamias was also used as spice but it was discovered that it has properties such as astringent, stomachic, refrigerant and anti scorbutic. Other researchers use kamias as wine but in this research the proponents was to test the properties of kamias fruit with chili as a mosquito killer. B. Statement of the Problem * The researchers aim to study the effect of Malunggay leaves as a cleaning agent of common household stains. * The researchers also aim to study how Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) will be turned into a cleaning agent. Essential Questions * Can the Malunggay leaves be effective of being a Cleaning Agent? * Is there many or few differences between the Malunggay leaves or commercials? * Are the Malunggay leaves capable of replacing commerciality? C. Hypotheses * The Malunggay leaves will be effective when cleaning different kinds of stains, dirt, clutters, and bad odors * The Malunggay Cleaning Agent will be a great alternative in cleaning different kinds of surfaces. D. Significance and Importance of the Research Study This particular and specific research study can easily contribute to the youth generation, for them to be capable of deriving cleaning agents from different kinds of plants, fruits, vegetables and other great alternatives. It is again for the Youth to develop their resourcefulness by using alternative plants as different functions in life. Research studies like this also develops the value of open-mindedness to young researchers and if landed to the right plant, this will serve as an everyday use to clean common household stains. E. Scope and Limitations Our research study is only limited to the Malunggay plant and just the leaves of the Malunggay. This only occurs when the Malunggay leaves are pounded and scrubbed on common and everyday household stains. F. Definition of Terms * Cleaning Agent – a fragrant substance, liquid, is used to remove dirt, dusts, stains, bad smells and molds in different kinds of solid surfaces * Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) – a native plant from India. But rapidly and immediately spread to tropical regions. Malunggay was considered medicinal food, because it is rich in vitamins, nutrients and different kinds of  minerals. It is really helpful to those people who are suffering coughs and other diseases. The Feasibility of Paper to become Furniture (School- Based Research) Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background of the Study Paper refers to a flexible material made from pulped rags, woods, and other related things, which is used to write on, wrap in or cover walls; a single sheet of this, an official document, newspaper, essay or lecture, a set of examination questions, personal documents are made of paper. Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing, printing, drawing or packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose from woods. Paper is a versatile material with many uses. Whilst the common is for writing and printing. It is also seldomly used as food ingredient in Asian Cultures. The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper date to 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age. Paper spread from China through the Middle East to medieval Europe in the 13th century, where the first water-powered paper mills were built. In the 19th century, industrial manufacture greatly lowered its cost, enabling mass exchange of information and contributing to significant  cultural shifts. In 1844, Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty and German F.G. Keller independently developed processes for pulping wood fibers. Furniture refers to the basic things, objects, and materials often used in everyday life such as chairs, tables, desks and other related things. These things are often made from wood, plastics, glass, steel and other sources. It refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as sitting and sleeping. Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work. B. Statement of the Problem * The researchers aim to use paper from Sta. Clara Parish School (SCPS) and use waste papers to create different kinds of furniture. * The researchers also aim to study the factor of Reusing, Reducing and Recycling and helping Schools to make use of Waste Papers to become useful for people. Essential Questions * Can Paper be effective on making or creating different kinds of furniture? * Is there many or few differences between furniture made from paper and wood? * Can we make furniture out of paper and make it sturdy enough even when paper is used? * Is Paper capable of replacing furniture made from wood? C. Hypotheses * The researchers can say that Paper will be effective; it can be turned into furniture. * The Paper Furniture will be a great alternative and it can be sturdy furniture. D. Significance and Importance of the Research Study This particular and specific research study can easily contribute to the youth generation, for them to be capable of deriving furniture from different kinds of things, objects, and materials. It is again for the Youth to develop their resourcefulness by using alternative things as different functions in life. Research studies like this also develops the value of open-mindedness to young researchers and if landed to  the right object, this will serve as an everyday furniture in many people’s houses. E. Scope and Limitations Our research study is only limited at Sta. Clara Parish School Pasay. And only the used papers or waste papers that can help a program of the school called Waste Minimization Program that is facilitated by the Student Coordinating Body (SCB). Waste Paper only occurs when a certain paper was already used and surely cannot be used again. F. Definition of Terms * Paper – A Thin material made from wood mainly used for writing, drawing, graphing, printing, packaging and other uses. * Furniture – These are the movable things that are made from wood. And commonly used for everyday activities such as sitting, eating in, sleeping, and other human activities for everyday. These examples are chairs tables, desks, bed and other. The Capability of Talahib (Saccharum Spotaneum) as a Cleaning Agent (Physically- Based Research) Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background of the Study Rope is a linear collection of plies, yarns or strands which are twisted or braided together in order to combine them into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have tensile strength and so can be used for dragging and lifting, but are far too flexible to provide compressive strength. As a result, they cannot be used for pushing or similar compressive applications. Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly constructed cord, line, string, and twine. Rope may be constructed of any long, stringy, fibrous material, but  generally is constructed of certain natural or synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibre ropes are significantly stronger than their natural fibre counterparts, but also possess certain disadvantages, including slipperiness. Rope is of paramount importance in fields as diverse as construction, seafaring, exploration, sports, hangings, theatre, and communications; and has been used since prehistoric times. In order to fasten rope, a large number of knots have been invented for countless uses. Talahib (Saccharum Spotaneum) is a grass native to South Asia. It is a coarse, erect and perennial grass, growing up to three meters in height, with spreading rhizomatous roots Panicles are white and erect, measuring 15 to 30 centimetres long, with slender and whole branches, the joints covered with soft white hair. Spikelet are about 3.5 millimetres long, much shorter than the copious, long, white hairs at the base. In the Terai-Duar savannah and grasslands, a lowland eco-region at the base of the Himalaya range in Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Bhutan, Talahib grass quickly colonises exposed silt plains created each year by the retreating monsoon floods, forming almost pure stands on the lowest portions of the floodplain. It is also said that Talahib can be a great alternative medicine as well. In Siddha, the whole plant is used for diseases of vatam and pittam, vomiting and various abdominal disorders, mental diseases, dyspnoea, anemia and obesity. In Uttar Pradesh, paste prepared f rom equal quantities of fresh roots of Cynodon dactylon and Saccharum spotaneum is given with cow’s milk and sugar for leucorrhea, early morning for one month. B. Statement of the Problem * The researchers aim to study the effect of Talahib when used as a bundled, strengthened and tightened rope. * The researchers also aim to study how Talahib (Saccharum Spotaneum) will become or be bundled together as a rope. Essential Questions * Can the Talahib be used in making a strong rope? * How strong is the Talahib rope if bundled and tightened together? * Is the Talahib rope capable of replacing the Synthetic Ropes? C. Hypotheses * The Talahib Rope will be strong, tightened and the researchers can make a bundle out of the Talahib Strands. * The Talahib Rope will be effective, efficient, useful and can be easily made. D. Significance and Importance of the Research Study This particular and specific research study can easily contribute to the youth generation, for them to be capable of deriving ropes from different kinds of plants and materials. It is again for the Youth to develop their resourcefulness by using alternative plants as different functions in life. Research studies like this also develops the value of open-mindedness to young researchers and if landed to the right plant, this will serve as an effective use in climbing, rescuing people and other activities that ropes are involved. E. Scope and Limitations Our research study is only limited to the Talahib plant and just the strands of the Talahib that is harvested. This only occurs when Talahib strands are thin-like structures and can undergo the process of bundling or combining together as one. F. Definition of Terms * Rope – Rope is a linear collection of plies, yarns or strands which are twisted or braided together in order to combine them into a larger and stronger form * Talahib (Saccharum Spotaneum) – is a grass native to South Asia. It is a coarse, erect and perennial grass, growing up to three meters in height, with spreading rhizomatous roots

Murphy Surname Meaning and Family History

Murphy Surname Meaning and Family History The common Irish surname Murphy is a modern form of the ancient Irish name OMurchadha, which means descendant of sea warrior, or strong, superior, from the  Gaelic  muir  meaning sea and  cath  meaning battle. The surname Murphy (including its variant forms) is the most common surname in Ireland. Murphy is also popular in the United States, where it is the 58th most common surname based on 2000 census data. Surname Origin:  Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MURPHEY, MORPHY, OMORCHOE, MCMURPHY, OMURPHY, OMURCHU Famous People with the Surname MURPHY Eddie Murphy  - American actor and comedianGeorge Murphy - actor and U.S. SenatorRyan Murphy -  American  producer, screenwriter and directorJohn Murphy - Irish  Roman Catholic priest; one of the leaders of the Irish Rebellion of 1798Michael Murphy - Irish Roman Catholic priest; United Irishman  leader during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 Where is the MURPHY  Surname Most Commonly Found? Forebears ranks Murphy as the most popular surname in Ireland, and the 9th most common surname in Northern Ireland. Murphy is also fairly common in Australia (45th), Canada (46th) and the United States (53rd). Within Ireland, Murphy is most common in Cork and Wexford. Data from WorldNames PublicProfiler agrees, identifying the Murphy surname as most common in southern Ireland.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MURPHY 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Murphy  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Murphy  family crest or coat of arms for the Murphy surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Murphy Family DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Murphy surname and variations are invited to join this project dedicated to combining the results of DNA testing with genealogy research to identify various Murphy family lines. The Murphy Family: Genealogical, Historical and BiographicalFree, online edition of a 1909 book on the Murphy Family by Michael Walter Downes.  From Internet Archive. Murphy ClanLearn about Murphy genealogy, the Murphy coat of arms, clan history, and more. Murphy Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Murphy surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Murphy query. FamilySearch - MURPHY  GenealogyExplore over 6  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Murphy surname, as well as online Murphy family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MURPHY Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Murphy surname. DistantCousin.com - MURPHY Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Murphy. GeneaNet - Murphy  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Murphy  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Murphy  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Murphy  from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Free Essays on The Golf Links

Child’s Play? In Sarah N. Cleghorn’s poem â€Å"The Golf Links† the speaker is Cleghorn. She is making an observation about the way her society works. She is showing the reader the way the young children must work in factories, while the factory owners or big business men get to play. By using phrases that invoke images Cleghorn opens the eyes of her readers and the world around her. Even through the poem is only four lines long it is filled with images that make a huge impact on the reader. Every line of the poem summons an image in the mind of the reader. The first line â€Å"The golf links lie so near the mill† shows the reader that the golf course, or the play ground of grown men, is right next to the factories where the children work. The next line â€Å"That almost every day† allows the reader to see that every day, six or seven days a week, the children are in the factory working their days away. The third line â€Å"The laboring children can look out† brings to mind a group of little children looking out the barred window at the green golf course the men play at. They can look out, but not enjoy the clean air and the pleasures of a sunny afternoon. And the last line of the poem really makes the image of this cruelty come alive for the reader. â€Å"And see the men at play.† The grown men are outside enjoying the day and their lives as small children, who should be out enjoying their youth, are stuck in the factories making the playing men rich. But it is no sweat off the men’s back because they are not the ones up in the factories risking their lives doing the dangerous work. It is the children. Although Cleghorn’s poem only has four lines, the phrases she uses allows the reader to see the picture she wants them to see. Through her use of phrases that form images, Cleghorn makes the reader see how wrong it is to have children doing adult work. She successfully opens the eyes of society to the wrongs of child labor.... Free Essays on The Golf Links Free Essays on The Golf Links Child’s Play? In Sarah N. Cleghorn’s poem â€Å"The Golf Links† the speaker is Cleghorn. She is making an observation about the way her society works. She is showing the reader the way the young children must work in factories, while the factory owners or big business men get to play. By using phrases that invoke images Cleghorn opens the eyes of her readers and the world around her. Even through the poem is only four lines long it is filled with images that make a huge impact on the reader. Every line of the poem summons an image in the mind of the reader. The first line â€Å"The golf links lie so near the mill† shows the reader that the golf course, or the play ground of grown men, is right next to the factories where the children work. The next line â€Å"That almost every day† allows the reader to see that every day, six or seven days a week, the children are in the factory working their days away. The third line â€Å"The laboring children can look out† brings to mind a group of little children looking out the barred window at the green golf course the men play at. They can look out, but not enjoy the clean air and the pleasures of a sunny afternoon. And the last line of the poem really makes the image of this cruelty come alive for the reader. â€Å"And see the men at play.† The grown men are outside enjoying the day and their lives as small children, who should be out enjoying their youth, are stuck in the factories making the playing men rich. But it is no sweat off the men’s back because they are not the ones up in the factories risking their lives doing the dangerous work. It is the children. Although Cleghorn’s poem only has four lines, the phrases she uses allows the reader to see the picture she wants them to see. Through her use of phrases that form images, Cleghorn makes the reader see how wrong it is to have children doing adult work. She successfully opens the eyes of society to the wrongs of child labor....

Convert Between Degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius

Convert Between Degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius Converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales is useful if you are working temperature conversion problems, work in a lab, or simply want to know how hot or cold it is in a country that uses the other scale! Its easy to make the conversion. One way is to look at a thermometer that has both scales and simply read the value. If youre doing homework or need to do a conversion in a lab, youll want the calculated values. You can use an online temperature converter or else do the math yourself.   Celsius to Fahrenheit Degrees The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is: F 1.8 C 32 Multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8.Add 32 to this number.Report the answer in degrees Fahrenheit. Example: Convert 20 °C to Fahrenheit. F 1.8 C 32F 1.8 (20) 321.8 x 20 36 so F 36 3236 32 68 so F 68 °F20 °C 68 °F Fahrenheit to Celsius Degrees Its easy to work the conversion the other way. The formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius is: C 5/9 (F-32) Subtract 32 from the degrees Fahrenheit.Multiply the value by 5.Divide this number by 9.Report the answer in degrees Celsius. Example: Convert body temperature in Fahrenheit (98.6 °F) to Celsius. C 5/9 (F-32)C 5/9 (98.6 - 32)98.6 - 32 66.6 so you have C 5/9 (66.6)66.6 x 5 333 so you have C 333 / 9333 / 9 37 °C98.6 °F 37 °C Converting to the Kelvin Scale Other common conversions are between Fahrenheit and Kelvin and between Celsius and Kelvin: Convert Fahrenheit to KelvinConvert Celsius to Kelvin

Legal infrastructure in Asian countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legal infrastructure in Asian countries - Essay Example Instead, it is an action of society in which it has a need to direct by Government law, policies of the specific countries, where these activities are going to start and where these special programs are needed. To develop an industry like legal Information Technology, agriculture, and marketing etc, the knowledge of market of specific country is also very necessary. A market design tells about the thickness, congestion, and safety of an industry.Boat and Yacht industry is an excellent opportunity for China because China’s development Marines is speedy. China’s market is very slow still because of China’s rules and regulations regarding boat industry. There is not clear concept of laws, taxation and license in China as compare to other countries. To develop this industry China needs numbers of boats and yacht because it will be costly to purchase from other countries without any expertise. Many foreign shareholders can take benefits of it by investing in this busi ness industry. to develop such industry China has to take license so that the business dispute and social dispute can be settled and people can save from any legal pursuit and take benefits from fair dealing. CCP has reforms its laws and attempted to train the lawyers for effective deals with increasing commercial and civil caseload. The CCP’s purpose is to establish the legal infrastructure of the China and has ventured on this in technocratic style of analyzing the laws of other countries and systemizing its Chinese adoption.

Construction project (site and environment) Research Paper

Construction project (site and environment) - Research Paper Example The project will then discuss more on the location of the architecture building. Next to the Edward M. Crough Center for Architectural Studies, for example there is a flower bed, cobblestone walkway and flagstone (Carthy, 2007). In addition, there is an easy to maintain field of grasses planted on someplace that was once a dry stream bed with boulders, and plantings that replace what was one time a lawn and sidewalk. In the flower bed that is dry, a series of misters produce an effect of fog-like that develops a cooling microclimate that can go all through the summer. The CUA campus is located in the Brook land in Northeast Washington which is a residential community; 620 Michigan Ave., NE.; is its main entrance. The campus is bound by John McCormick Road to the east, Hawaii Avenue to the north, North Capitol Street to the west, Michigan Avenue to the south. It is 5 km or 3 miles to the north of the Capitol building. The campus is tree-lined and is which 193 acres is. Modern design and Romanesque are applicable in the major 55 buildings of the university. Between Gibbons and McMahon halls and alongside the National Shrine Basilica of the Immaculate Conception runs are the mall. The Mall is a large grass that is mostly the place of sunbathers and Ultimate Frisbee games. In the middle of Centennial Village is Conte Circle, which is a cluster consisting of 8 residential houses. Earthquake activity in the District of Columbia is negligible. No cases earthquakes have been centred within the District, nor are there any faults. Nevertheless it has experienced earthquakes centred in Maryland, Virginia, and other surrounding states. The District of Columbia topography is the same as the physical geography of Maryland. The District has 3 major natural flowing water bodies; the Anacostia River, the Potomac River and its tributaries and Rock Creek. The convergence the

International Production and Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Production and Trade - Essay Example The author in the chapter sought to identify the basic features and issues forming the international production and trade structure. While discussing the changes taking place in the production of goods, the author uses the case of Thomas Friedman to explain the post-world war II changes that have taken place. Technology is arguably one of the most significant steps that man has discovered so far. As such, it has revolutionized both the production process and the communication channel. While the internet connects people in a previously un-imaginable way, new products such as cars and clothes go through mass production. Another notable change in the production process is the level of fragmentation and specialization taking place. With the increased level of interdependence between different countries and regions around the world, production methods have spread in all parts of the globe. Statically, the World Bank demonstrated the effects of this growth and increase in production throug h the 2005 world’s gross domestic product, which was approximately $44.3 trillion. Of this, 78% came from the developed countries, while the middle and low income, countries contributed only 22 percent. Five years earlier, the level of production was fives lower as it was in 2005. McGrew, an expert observes that there have been changes in the trends of FDIs, which have subsequently contributed to the capital mobility. In this mobility, firms now migrate from the industrialized countries and set up production plants in less developed countries due to labor issues as well as environmental issues. International trade, which is trade that takes place between different countries, help in the unification of countries. Since trade ties countries together, it generates significant political, economic, as well as social interdependence between countries. As such, many states use it as a means of gathering income, opting to regulate it in an effort to safeguard their interests. The int ernational trade structure, by pulling international leaders, IO and the NGO officials, pulls three perspectives of trade at the same time. Despite their conflicting arguments, these perspectives have contributed to the understanding of the development of trade in the international front. International trade rules came into effect in the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Tariffs and quotas existed back then, as there was a restriction of importing intermediate goods. This aimed at protecting local industries from unfair competition. One of the international trade policies launched in the eighteenth century advocated for a laissez-faire type of policies. Proposed by Adman Smith and David Ricardo, the liberal trade policy still applies in the case of the Britain markets. These were the developers of the comparative theory, which advocated for opportunity cost of production. Proponents of opportunity cost theory pointed out that for a country to produce a particular commodity ; it had to forego a particular commodity that was rather expensive to produce. As such, introducing trade restrictions was an unjust way of treating other nations. However, the mercantilists challenge the arguments of comparative advantage, even currently. They argue that states can

College students need tax deductions - response to questionnaire Essay

College students need tax deductions - response to questionnaire - Essay Example Further, 7 (about 44%) of them stated that they do not work, i.e. they do not hold any sort of job, whereas 2 (about 12%) of them worked around 10 to 15 hours per week; 3 of them (about 19%) claimed that they worked 15 to 20 hours per week and the rest of them (about 25%) stated that they worked more than 20 hours per week. The findings show that a majority of the students does little to no work in the way of employment. When asked how many hours would suffice for them to afford college, about 19% said that they did not need work to afford college, and a similar percentage said that they had never thought about this question. Another 19% said that 20 hours per week would suffice, whereas 6% said that 15 hours and about 37% said that more than 20 hours per week would be sufficient. Around 44% of them stated that they had never thought about the tax rates for single college students, and an identical percentage stated that it is too high, only 2 (12%) thought that the current tax rate is reasonable. However, 100% of them would support a decrease in the current tax rate. Out of these, around 19%, about 12% and 50% wanted the tax rate to be reduced to 20 percent, 18 percent and 15 percent respectively, with about 6 percent stating that they did not want it changed. About 62% said that they found it hard to cope with their studies due to their work responsibilities whereas the other 48 or so percent did not have any such problems. When asked what problems they have had to face due to juggling work and studies together, the responses were quite varied: some of them simply stated that they do not work, whereas those who worked stated that their grades suffered, they were sleep deprived, had little to no social life, had professors who gave them extra work on weekends when they had to work most of the weekend, had a lack of concentration at both work and college as well as an unbalanced diet. In short there are

How does Webers concept of status group challenge Marxs views on Essay

How does Webers concept of status group challenge Marxs views on polarization of classes in societies - Essay Example For Marx, society is not merely a collection of separate, competing individuals, although that is the appearance that capitalist society presents. Throughout history societies have divided into competing classes, defined structurally and economically in terms of their relationship to the means of production. "In the Communist Manifesto Marx and Engels comment that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." (Bottomore, 1983, p. 75). Thus, he viewed the bourgeoisie as the owners, and the proletariat as the non-owners, of the means of production. Marx believed that capitalist society was increasingly becoming polarized into "two great opposed camps" of bourgeois and proletarians, which is destined to lead to conflict among these classes. Through its own instruments of development, it is bound to give rise ultimately to its own dissolution--to a revolution that will result in the overthrow of capitalism and to the creation of a socialist order. The conquest of political power by the working class will lead, firstly, to the creation of a socialist state--a state in which the working class is the ruling class and which functions in the interests of the working class. Thus, the "dictatorship of the proletariat" will replace the "dictatorship of the bourgeoisie". By the term "dictatorial", Marx does not indicate that such states have a dictatorial political form, but rather that they rule in the interests of a particular class. However, the "dictatorship of the proletariat" is only the "first phase" of post- capitalist era. Its ultimate aim is to abolish the private ownership of the means of production, and hence the social and economic basis of class divisions. In addition, Marx believed that the rise of...(Giddens, 1971, p. 37). Weber notes that there is class conscious organization where (a) there are no groups between the real adversaries, (b) large numbers of persons are in the same class situation, (c) it is technically easy to organize those in the common class situation, and (d) where the goals of the class are well understood, and this understanding is led by those outside the class (intelligentsia). (Giddens and Held, p. 72)

Ethics and Asylum Seekers in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics and Asylum Seekers in Australia - Essay Example The majority of the refugees ended up in the two Pacific Island nations which the Australian government hurriedly organized. Australian immigration official stated that at the time, there was an influx of illegal boat arrivals which pushed the federal parliamentary government of Australia to come up with the â€Å"Pacific Solution Policy† in February of 2001. Australia’s immigration department stated that in February 2002 there were 356 asylum seekers from Iraq mostly, whose status was being processed in the island of Manos in Papua New Guinea, and there were 1,159 refugees in Nauru which overall total is 1,500 asylum seekers. These Islands were happy to take these refugees in an exchange with the financial aid coming from Australia. Though there has been no official report on the figures it has been reported that the president of Nauru Rene Harris negotiated a $15m for the accommodation of more than 1000 asylum seekers (BBC Q&A, 2002). â€Å"In the harshest border pol icy in the Westernized world, the Australian Navy was then deployed to intercept asylum-seekers at sea. The government also excised Australia's offshore islands from its immigration zone in order to deprive boat people of the right to claim asylum†( Marks, 2007). Where do we draw the line on helping the unfortunate? What should be the guiding rule on welcoming and accepting people running for refuge in our more fortunate land? What are the human rights of an individual? The United Nations declaration of human rights proclaims the right: 1.) To life, to freedom from subjection, to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or to slavery, servitude or forced labor.2.To liberty and security of the person. 3.) To a fair trial. 4.) To freedom from retroactive criminal law or punishments. 5.) With respect to private and family life, home, and correspondence. 6.) To freedom of thought.

College students need tax deductions - response to questionnaire Essay

College students need tax deductions - response to questionnaire - Essay Example Further, 7 (about 44%) of them stated that they do not work, i.e. they do not hold any sort of job, whereas 2 (about 12%) of them worked around 10 to 15 hours per week; 3 of them (about 19%) claimed that they worked 15 to 20 hours per week and the rest of them (about 25%) stated that they worked more than 20 hours per week. The findings show that a majority of the students does little to no work in the way of employment. When asked how many hours would suffice for them to afford college, about 19% said that they did not need work to afford college, and a similar percentage said that they had never thought about this question. Another 19% said that 20 hours per week would suffice, whereas 6% said that 15 hours and about 37% said that more than 20 hours per week would be sufficient. Around 44% of them stated that they had never thought about the tax rates for single college students, and an identical percentage stated that it is too high, only 2 (12%) thought that the current tax rate is reasonable. However, 100% of them would support a decrease in the current tax rate. Out of these, around 19%, about 12% and 50% wanted the tax rate to be reduced to 20 percent, 18 percent and 15 percent respectively, with about 6 percent stating that they did not want it changed. About 62% said that they found it hard to cope with their studies due to their work responsibilities whereas the other 48 or so percent did not have any such problems. When asked what problems they have had to face due to juggling work and studies together, the responses were quite varied: some of them simply stated that they do not work, whereas those who worked stated that their grades suffered, they were sleep deprived, had little to no social life, had professors who gave them extra work on weekends when they had to work most of the weekend, had a lack of concentration at both work and college as well as an unbalanced diet. In short there are

Ethics and Asylum Seekers in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics and Asylum Seekers in Australia - Essay Example The majority of the refugees ended up in the two Pacific Island nations which the Australian government hurriedly organized. Australian immigration official stated that at the time, there was an influx of illegal boat arrivals which pushed the federal parliamentary government of Australia to come up with the â€Å"Pacific Solution Policy† in February of 2001. Australia’s immigration department stated that in February 2002 there were 356 asylum seekers from Iraq mostly, whose status was being processed in the island of Manos in Papua New Guinea, and there were 1,159 refugees in Nauru which overall total is 1,500 asylum seekers. These Islands were happy to take these refugees in an exchange with the financial aid coming from Australia. Though there has been no official report on the figures it has been reported that the president of Nauru Rene Harris negotiated a $15m for the accommodation of more than 1000 asylum seekers (BBC Q&A, 2002). â€Å"In the harshest border pol icy in the Westernized world, the Australian Navy was then deployed to intercept asylum-seekers at sea. The government also excised Australia's offshore islands from its immigration zone in order to deprive boat people of the right to claim asylum†( Marks, 2007). Where do we draw the line on helping the unfortunate? What should be the guiding rule on welcoming and accepting people running for refuge in our more fortunate land? What are the human rights of an individual? The United Nations declaration of human rights proclaims the right: 1.) To life, to freedom from subjection, to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or to slavery, servitude or forced labor.2.To liberty and security of the person. 3.) To a fair trial. 4.) To freedom from retroactive criminal law or punishments. 5.) With respect to private and family life, home, and correspondence. 6.) To freedom of thought.

How Becoming an Adult Has Changed Christmas Essay Example for Free

How Becoming an Adult Has Changed Christmas Essay I love the holidays, they bring a special joy to my life, they make me smile even if things may not be going as planned in my life; just the thought of family and friends spending time together is a great big deal in my family. I now get to experience the feeling and joys my parents did when they see me opening my presents. My children are so precious and I love having every memorial moment with them. We still do the same things at Grandmas every year nothing has changed except for the fact that I’m a Mother now. I can distinctively remember the Christmas of 2006; it was the year my son (Jaylen) was born. It’s the year I realized that my spoiled days were over and it was not only about me any more. It was the first time I actually realized that I’m Mommy now! It was a very fearful and joyful moment at the same time; my family didn’t pay as much attention to me anymore. They were occupied with my new baby boy (Jaylen), I was extremely happy, they had taken to my son because 18 months earlier they were a little upset that I was going to have a baby(they thought I was too young). My dad was the happiest I have seen him in years, he was a proud grand pap. I’ll admit I was a little jealous because all the attention was no longer on just me I had to now share it. Then again I sat back and thought I’m an adult now and I should not be treated like a baby anymore, so from that point forward I found the grown up I had hidden inside. Thirty-three months (two and a half years) later there was an addition to my family for the holiday, I had my daughter JaKailah, she was a great gift after losing our Nana Boat in June of 2009. My daughter was born just 13 days later (June 21 2009); my grandmother and I both feel as though she is a part of Nana Boat in many ways. Not having our Nana Boat with us on Christmas anymore is a huge void; she is their saying â€Å"just give the children what ever they want, they are our special gifts from god†. One thing that has stayed the same is all holidays are special in my family, but Christmas is still the most important. All my family still meet at Grandma’s house every year. We have family from every where that comes in from out of state to celebrate this special occasion. Every year our Christmas routine has stayed the same; grandma has a special way of making every holiday memorable, she was also very particular about time, there was a time for everything we did on Christmas. She has a set schedule between 9:00 am and 10:00 am. Everyone shows up at grandmas to put their presents under the tree. Grandma has breakfast made for everyone every Christmas pancakes, bacon, sausage, eggs and toast. Then at 11:30am it is time to give each other the presents we have for one another. By the time we were all done opening presents it is time for us to have dinner at 2:30. WOW! We could smell that great food cooking the whole time we were opening our presents. As a child I can remember many traditions sheared with my family. Because there were so many people staying at Grandma’s for the holidays. I can remember making pallets (beds) on the floor with my cousins so the adults could have the beds and air mattresses. My cousins and I would stay up really late and sleep until the after noon. After waking up I can remember my Uncle Bobbie; he looked just like Mr. Rodgers (from Mr. Rodger Neighborhood) he has the same blue sweater and those same blue tie up shoes. I would wake up and say good morning, Mr. Rodgers it is going to be a wonderful day in the neighbor hood. I was a very spoiled child; I got what ever I wanted, when I wanted it from every one in my family. I have even started my own traditions with my children, we have one day where we all sit down at the dining room table after Thanksgiving and we tell each other what we would like to have Santa Clause bring us for Christmas. I have even found a count down to Christmas calendar filled with chocolate candies, it starts at twenty-five and end at one; what you do with this calendar is you start at twenty-five and every night eat one piece of chocolate and by the time its Christmas eve there is one less piece of chocolate remaining. Basically it is a count down to Christmas by eating a piece of chocolate each night until Christmas. My children are still very young so we are still in the process of coming up with new traditions. Things in life change so fast with out notice, some good and some bad, I just make the best of what I have. I always thought that I would need to be the center of attention, but this Christmas I learned that it’s not always about me. Each and every member of my family was very important in many ways. Each of us have our own roles and it works for my family. My fiance is a very quiet, laid back, stay out the way type of person. My Aunt is crazy for the kids, she literally buys them everything. My uncle is the strict no nonsense kind of guy who like the kids to stand in the corner. Uncle what can I say about him? Oh wow he’s the grouch, always yelling, the Children are too loud make them sit down. My dad always happy and feeding into what ever the kids say, do this and do that. Pappi mostly hiding in the room away from everyone to stay away from the chaos. My mom she is the clean freak always running around after every one cleaning up behind them. My Nana Boat she was all for the kids give, give, give that all she knew when it came to her baby’s. My brothers and sister they are needy, always wanting something that they really do not need. Being the big sister I have to love them(I do very much so. I’m only going to talk about my immediate family, because if not you will be here reading for months. As for my-self I’m kind of a reserved person; I just sit back and watch what’s going on around me. I can remember the time it took my grandma to prepare for Christmas; she would bake for weeks. She would let me help her make cookies, pies, fudge, and my most favorite of all chocolate covered pretzels with sprinkles. I can still smell those cookies and pies bake. Being with my grandma and helping her bake was the best feeling in the world. Still to this day my grandma still lets me help her bake for Christmas. She doesn’t leave out my children, they are right there with their hands in the dough, just getting as messy as possible. I know every edition to or family makes Christmas every year more and more enjoyable. I believe that each and every Christmas changes each and every person in my family for the better. CODA: There are a few reasons why I chose to use Frank McCourt â€Å"Limerick Homecoming† essay from the book Angela’s Ashes published in 1996. One reason I chose to use this essays style to revise my family essay is because Frank McCourt showed how to go from past to present tense in the same essay to tell about a special event in this life. Another reason I believe that this essay showed that no matter how bad things are at one point or another in your life that having your family around can make things all the better. Lastly, I chose this essay to because I related to the characters, meaning that I related to them so not coming from a rich family, not graduating high school and still striving to make it in this world .

The Environment And Intensive Farming Environmental Sciences Essay

The Environment And Intensive Farming Environmental Sciences Essay By 5000 BC the Sumerians had developed core agricultural techniques including large-scale intensive cultivation of land, mono-cropping, organized irrigation, and the use of a specialized labour force. Intensive farming or  intensive agriculture  is an agricultural system that aims to produce maximum yield from available land. Besides, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also an  agricultural  production system characterized by the high inputs of  capital,  labour or heavy usage of technologies such as  pesticides  and chemical  fertilizers  relative to land area. You could say food is produced in large quantities with the help of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The products such as eggs, meat and many agricultural products available in many supermarkets are produced using modern intensive farming. Intensive farming is practiced widely by many of the developed economies of the world. Sustainable intensive farming, intensive aquaculture, intensive live stock farming and managed intensive grazing fall under intensive farming. Environment issues of Intensive Farming Intensive farming may bring some issues to the environment. For instance:- Intensive farming includes the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.  It is also associated with overpopulated animal farms, which are often associated with pollution and animal sickness. And even more disturbing is the fact that the majority of working farms use intensive farming. This means more chemicals on our plate at each meal. The use of such massive amounts of nitrogen based fertilizers contaminates the area lakes and rivers. Forests are destroyed to create large open fields and this could lead to soil erosion and affects natural habits in the forest. The pesticides sprayed on crops destroy pests, contaminate the crops and kill good insects. Eventually, these chemicals are passed on to the human beings.   The fruits and vegetables bought from farms that promote intensive farming are covered with invisible pesticide. These are not easily washed off. The residue of the pesticide affect the health of human beings.   Use of pesticides has numerous negative health effects on workers who applied those, people that live nearby the area of application or downstream from it and consumers who eat the pesticides which remain on their food. INTENSIVE FARMING IN MALAYSIA Livestock farming in Sabah once seen as backyard farming and pose no threat to the environment, but with the rapid development in the livestock industry, particularly in monogastric subsector, coupled with rapid expansion of urban and peri-urban area, livestock farming has become the critical issue. Excessive livestock waste as a result of intensive farming system need to be addressed. Although animal waste can be utilized as a manure to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, it can also cause environmental hazard if not managed properly. It can caused malodour or odour nuisance to environment, surface water contamination, secondary pollution and also religious sensitivity. Table 1. Estimated Livestock Population of Sabah, 1999 Species Number (Head) Cattle 44,837 Buffalo 50,741 Goat 37,285 Sheep 1,900 Pig 100,000 Chicken 3,400,000 Duck 113,000 Source: (Anon.1999b) Livestock Species Population Waste Produce (m.t.) per Year Poultry 2.4 millions 178,000 Duck 0.5 millions 55,000 Pig 85,000 248,000 Cattle/Buffalo 97,000 1,416,000 Goat/Sheep 38,000 70,000 Total    1,967,000 Source: (Mokhtar and Chia, 2000) Table 2. Total livestock population and the wastes produced per year The rapid growth of the livestock industry caused on environmental problem-related to the livestock waste generated from the intensive farming system. Livestock waste generated from an extensive or semi extensive farming system does not seem to cause any major environmental problem as shown in table 2, cattle or buffalo wastes amount to 1.4 million metric ton compare to pig wastes about 248,000 metric ton. The problem is further aggravated with the rapid development of the urban and peri-urban area where most of the livestock farms are situated. The total livestock population and the waste produced per year for selected animal is illustrated in Table 2. Environmental problems cause by livestock farming Water Pollution Main environmental problem cause by livestock farming is water pollution, according to The Malaysian Environmental Quality Report, 12 rivers in the state were polluted with ammoniac nitrogen (NH3-N) due to livestock farming and domestic wastes in 1997. Water pollution cause by livestock farming occurred due to malfunction of waste lagoon or accidentally spill over from flooded lagoon or deliberate flushing of wastes directly into river system. Water may turn reddish brown and may destroy the fragile ecosystem. Pollution from nutrients contained in animal manure, namely phosphorous and nitrogen is one of the most serious problems, leading to excess algae growth, robbing water of oxygen which may lead to mass destruction of fish. Air pollution The anaerobic decomposition of stored animal wastes generates various volatile metabolic compounds of which a dozen contributes to odour, in particular hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia. These can cause continuous source of strong, persistent and unreasonably offensive hog/poultry odours. The resulting of air pollution is interfering with surrounding areas. Air pollution in the form of ammonia nitrogen can cause respiratory illness in the neighborhood up to two miles away from the site. Potential source of diseases Beside serious environmental problem, animal waste also may become a source of various diseases such as infectious worm larvae hatched from the worm eggs passed out with the faeces; contamination encrusted with organic matter is an ideal breeding ground of harmful bacteria. Arthropods such as flies, lice, fleas that are attracted by animal waste may trigger outbreak of infectious diseases, because they are the vectors to transmit diseases such as viruses, rickettsiae, protozoa and helminthes. WAYS TO PREVENT There are several ways to prevent Environmental problems cause by livestock farming, fr instance:- To minimize environment problem caused by pig waste there should be proper animal waste management system such as improving the housing adopting by the Pit Recharge System and Concrete Floor unit.   The adoption of the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBBR) with an Automation, which is waste water treatment system with the function of stirring, aeration and settling.     To reduce the odour emitted from farm, a close housing system with regulated ventilation is used. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mean, by using high efficiency fans at one end of the building; fresh air is sucked ion from outside environment passing through the cooling pad to reduce the temperature before being delivered into the building. Livestock Farming Rules, 2001. In the meantime the Department of Veterinary Services and Animal Industry is well aware of the need to control and rectify irregularities in the livestock farming practices. Base on this, Livestock Farming Rules, 2000 (Draft) was introduced. This regulation was created under the existing Animal Ordinance 1962 (Amended 1998). Under this legislation, all livestock farms shall be operated under the permit of Department of Veterinary Services and Animal Industry, Sabah (DOVSAI).            Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   CONCLUSION Intensive farming or  intensive agriculture  is an agricultural system characterized by the high inputs of  capital,  labour or heavy usage of technologies such as  pesticides  and chemical  fertilizers  relative to land area. Intensive farming is practiced widely by many of the developed economies of the world. However, it may bring disadvantages to our environment. Livestock farming has become the critical issue. The rapid growth of the livestock industry in Sabah caused on environmental problem-related to the livestock waste generated from the intensive farming system. Excessive livestock waste as a result of intensive farming system need to be addressed. If not managed properly, it can caused malodour or odour nuisance to environment, surface water contamination, secondary pollution and also religious sensitivity.       RERERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_farming http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-for-intensive-farming.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-for-intensive-farming.html http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5019e/y5019e0l.htm http://kb.rspca.org.au/RSPCA-Policy-B2-Intensive-farming-practices_165.html http://www.sabah.gov.my/jpas/news/SITE/SITEppr12.pdf

The Pleasure Principle in Perraults Little Red Riding Hood and Brother

Sigmund Freud, commonly referred to as "the father of psychoanalysis", is best known for his studies of sexual desire, repression, and the unconscious mind. Freud came to see personality as having three aspects, all of which work together to produce our complex behaviours: the Id (â€Å"It†), the Ego (â€Å"I†) and the Superego (â€Å"Over-I†). His psychoanalytic theories are used today in many different fields, including literature analysis. â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†, written by Perrault in the 17th century, as well as in â€Å"The Little Red Cap†, written by the Brothers Grimm in the 19th century, are both famous folktales turned fairy tales about a young girl’s encounter with a cross-dressing wolf. The tale makes the clearest contrast between the safe world of the village and the dangers of the forest. It also seems to be a strong morality tale, teaching children not to â€Å"wander off the path†. However, when applied to both Perrault's and the Grimm Brothers’ tale, we see that these tales are dominated by the Id, the function of the irrational and emotional part in the mind. The authors are trying to show us that being impulsive and basically giving in to your Id is not wise and might eventually lead you to your own doom. This is apparent in both tales, where Little Red Riding Hood gives into her desires and impulses by disobeying her mother and speaking to the wolf, whereas the wolf has more self-control and is able to restrain impulses. At the beginning of the story, the first thing Little Red Riding Hood’s mother tells her is â€Å"Here is a piece of cake and a bottle of wine. Take them to your grandmother. She is sick and weak, and they will do her well. Mind your manners and give her my greetings. Behave yourself on the way, and do not leave... ...delaying of gratification. Even though the wolf wants to eat the little girl, he realises he will enjoy it later when the time is right, when the risks are lower. After waiting for the right moment and delaying his desires and impulses, the wolf’s Id takes over and he not only eats the little girl, but the grandmother as well. In the end, both Little Red Riding Hood and the wolf are guilty of giving into their Id. The moral of the story warns the reader that there are wolves in the real world that are just like the wolf in the story. These â€Å"wolves† are just preying on young, impressionable young girls in order to fulfill their sexual desires. These little girls are not just victims though. They are also able to act on their desires and be bad little girls. Everyone is capable of giving into temptation as well as what is not necessarily the right thing to do.

Offshore Outsourcing Essay -- Outsourcing Economics Economy Essays

Offshore Outsourcing Currently, it has been reported that many of our jobs, as much as one out of every three private-sector jobs are being sent overseas. What is offshore outsourcing? Outsourcing occurs when a firm subcontracts a business function to an outside supplier. Outsourcing is mainly the result of companies who will always pursue the lowest-cost structure, which means less skilled work will move out of the U.S. to emerging economies. Many believes that this is a good thing, because living standards around the world will rise, and workers in developing nations will get new and higher-paying jobs, and consumers in the U.S. will be able to buy products that are cheaper than if they were made at home. This paints a scenario where everyone seems to be at the winning end right? This expansion of labor has provoked many controversial debates questioning whether sending so many American jobs overseas is healthy for our economy. One side of the argument is that with the sudden increase in outsourcing high-technology and professional jobs, that we may be in danger of being on the fast-track to becoming a third world country and that our position in the world as the lead economic power might be in jeopardy. On the other side, people are arguing that even though offshore outsourcing forces our economy to suffer job losses that it is only temporary and that the long term benefits will outweigh the short term suffering. The question is, just how serious for America, its’ workforce, and its economy is the shift? Many supporters for outsourcing defends the process, optimistic, referring to two decades ago, during the loss of auto jobs and other high-paying manufacturing jobs wh... ...hat this will help create win-win solutions and ensure that everyone benefits from a more competitive and healthier global economy. Bibliography Minoli, Daniel. Analyzing Outsourcing. 1995 Johnson, Mike. Outsourcing in brief. 1997 Raynor, William. Outsourcing Jobs Off-Shore: Short and Long-Term Consequences. 2003. The State University of New York. http://www.newwork.com/Pages/Opinion/Raynor/Outsourcing%20Consequences.html Kling, Arnold. Please, Outsource to My Daughter.2003. TCS: Tech Central Station. http://www.techcentralstation.com/071403D.html Steidtmann, Carl. The Macro-Economic Case For Outsourcing.2003. A Deloitte Research Economic Brief. http://www.dc.com/research McKinsey Global Institute. Offshoring: Is It a Win-Win Game? 2004. http://www.mckinsey.com/knowledge/mgi/reports/offshore.asp http://www.rppi.org/offshoringwinwin.shtml

The Importance of Individual’s Frame of Mind

People’s activities are divided into physical behaviors and mental behaviors. With their hands, they can do everything they want to do. However, without the support of mentality, these physical behaviors are meaningless. People’s happiness derives from their mind. When they are willing to do something, even it is insignificant, they can also be cheerful. Compared to the transient mind, to form everlasting frame of mind is meaningful for people’s life. However, different frames of mind bring people into different situations. In â€Å"On Habit†, Alain de Botton uses the example of De Maistre who experiences room-travel to recommend a frame of mind called traveling mindset, which is to observe any common events with traveling view. Compared to habituated view, an invariable attitude to treat daily life, traveling mindset brings more changes and creative imaginations in boring physical environment. Through forming active lifestyle, people can share enjoyable and meaningful life. However, some frames of mind have negative influence in people’s happiness. As in â€Å"Bumping into Mr. Ravioli†, Adam Gopnik finds that his daughter has an imaginary playmate called Ravioli. Then he notices the general frame of mind of people in New York through Ravioli and the conversation with his sister, a psychologist. Ravioli, the same as New Yorkers, always lives in a busy status. Even though people have spare time out of work, the atmosphere in New York makes them form a frame of mind that they need to be busy all the time. Due to this â€Å"busyness†, people in New York spend most time in their own space, which leads to a crisis in people’s relationship. In general, the existence of individual’s frame of mind, as a result of people’s psychological demands and the pressure of life, creates appropriate methods to adapt for challenges and make happiness. Since people have unique and meaningful experience, they can cultivate their individual frame of mind through their expectation of life. Like a lifestyle, once the frame of mind has been formed, it is hard to change. However, people need to keep on improving their frames of mind to seek for a sense of well-being in life. The reason which people cannot be happy is that they do not find a rational frame of mind to treat their life. As de Botton mentions, â€Å"the sole cause of man’s unhappiness is that he does not know how to stay quietly in his room† (qtd. in de Botton 60). Treating the same thing with different frames of mind can lead to different results. Observing the common furniture and structure in the room, people with habituated mindset can feel weary about their room since they face the same objects all day. Then, habituated mindset becomes a kind of negative frame of mind and makes people upset. However, De Maistre decides to lock his door and make a room-travel. He reobserves details of furniture and makes imaginations. For example, when he walks by the bed, he can recollect the night he spends in it. He changes his mind to observe familiar room and get cheerful with traveling mindset. Opposite to habituated mindset, traveling mindset, as a positive frame of mind, corresponds with people’s demand in their boring life. In addition, people can also form a specific frame of mind because of their surrounding. As the situation faced by the daughter of Gopnik, â€Å"it [seems] obvious that Ravioli [is] a romantic figure of the big exotic life that [goes] on outside her little limited life of park and playgrounds†¦like imitation of the words she hears her mother use when she talks about her day with her friends†(Gopnik 154). She feels tired of her living environment. Then, she needs a method to express her expectation outside her limited space. To satisfy her aspiration, she imagines a friend who she can talk with like the relationship between her mother and her mother’s friends. She wants to be independent. However, she is too young to contact with the society. Therefore, this frame of mind becomes imaginary form and her mind relies on the existence of the imaginary friend. With different environment, people have their own frames of mind. These frames of mind can be positive and negative, but it is the way to think and live. Once the frame of mind makes people enjoyable and reflects the hope of future, it can have beneficial influence on people’s life. Different frames of mind lead to different perceiving about same thing, so people’s sense of well-being is influenced by their frames of mind. For a piece of leaf, some people can feel regret because it falls from the tree and loses its life. However, others can be delightful when they see the fallen leaves, because they become nutriment absorbed by the soil to support the growth of new life. It is the same in â€Å"On habit†, De Maistre spends time on enjoy the beauty of the sky at night. However, for the same sky, most people neglect its fantasy. As de Botton explains, â€Å"the reason they [do not] looking [is] that they [have] never done so before. They [fall] into the habit of considering their universe to be boring†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (62). De Maistre has different view about the life and the world, so his frame of mind brings happiness and pleasure to him. The same sky, considered to be boring by others, is redefined by his creative mind. He can be affected by the broadness and the power of the universe. This kind of frame of mind makes him joyful rather than boring. Therefore, the sense of well-being derives from people’s attitude toward their life. Keeping positive way of thinking is an approach to get happiness. Apart from this, people’s living environment can be a factor to influence the cognizance in people’s mind. Cars and televisions are inventions to bring people convenience. They can watch news around the world on television and travel for a long distance by cars. They are signs of modernization. However, considered through another part, these inventions are detrimental to the relationship between people. As Gopnik describes, â€Å"the car and the television pulled people apart-taking them out to the suburbs and sitting them in front of a solo spectacle†(158). On the one hand, the speed of the car is fast, so people can ignore their friends who come by. On the other hand, drivers have to pay attention to the roadway; then, they have no time to care about whether there is a friend around them. The car always takes people away. Due to its limited space, it restricts people to contact with others. Since Gopnik lives in New York, the crowed traffic can be one reason for her to resist the car. In busy lifestyle, it is necessary to create some chance to stay with friends. â€Å"Busyness† affects New Yorker’s frames of mind. Compared to drive cars, walking is more suitable for New York’s environment. Similarly, when people watch television, they do not want to chat with others. Moreover, once they get knowledge and information from television, they do not need to learn from others. In this situation, the topic between people can be less and the relationship slowly drifts apart. The busy atmosphere changes people’s frames of mind in New York. Therefore, individual’s frame of mind can be affected by many factors such as people’s attitudes towards life and their living environment. It can influence people’s lifestyle because it origins from people’s experience and expectations. The positive frame of mind can create happiness for people through changing their ways of perceiving things Individual’s frame of mind is a sign in life and a reflection of spirit to help people find their own way to achieve happiness. A beneficial frame of mind represents a ifestyle and a myth which can be followed by others, so people with the same frame of mind can be a group. In addition, people have impetus to try to imitate this mind when they notice that it can make their life better. As de Botton behaves, â€Å"I force myself to obey a peculiar kind of mental command: to look around me as though I [have] never been in this place before†(63). He finds that traveling mindset can make life different and interesting, so he wants to form this frame of mind. At the same time, his behavior â€Å"bears fruit†. He can see â€Å"a restaurant [becomes] filled with dinner rather than shapes†. By setting traveling mindset as a habit, he forms another view of the world and life in his spirit. He dose not feel the life boring any more, and this frame of mind in his spirit can remind him that he needs to treat his normal life creative and imaginative. Therefore, it is the power of individual’s frame of mind. Additionally, once a kind of frame of mind is identified generally, it can be more influential. As Gopnik highlights, â€Å"busyness is our art form, our civic ritual, our way of being us†(160). In New York, busyness can be considered as a sign of a country. People all indentify that â€Å"busyness† is the expression of their frames of mind. They live in busy life and contact with busy friends and colleagues. No matter whether they are truly enjoyable in this busy situation, they are used to it and become one part of it. Under the pressure of the society, people need to keep a appropriate frame of mind to deal with the challenges and create happiness. People can experience many kinds of frames of mind in their life. However, only some of them are beneficial for people to find happiness. Indeed, life is a process of seeking for felicity. Like de Botton, he hates his living environment when he returns to homeland from traveling. Therefore, he tries to think with traveling mindset, so that he can be happier than before. The same as Gopnik, he finds the essence of the culture in New York, so he can understand about his daughter’s imaginary friend and have an insight into the â€Å"busyness† in his life. Attempting to find suitable frames of mind in order to face trouble rationally, people can finally realize that happiness is around themselves.