A Great Man Who Conquered, Then Created The Largest Empire

A great man who conquered, then created the largest empire in the ancient world had lived. Alexander the Great accomplished a lot in his short life conquering vast lands as well as spreading the Greek culture throughout Middle East also Asia. Alexander the Great has many accomplishments in his life, and changed history in more of a passive way than in a direct way because of his character and the accomplishment he had built over his lifetime. Alexander the Great was born into royalty in Macedonia July 356 BCE, this is when the greatest list of accomplishments began. In his life he was taught by Aristotle. Alexander the Great’s father, because he was a noble, assigned Aristotle to teach his son so he can be well educated. When†¦show more content†¦After defeating Persia, he began dressing the way Persians dressed and had two Persian wives so the newly conquered people will be more comfortable with him as he ruled. In 331 BCE he besieged Gaza on his way to Egypt an d conquered Egypt easily. The conquered city was designed as a hub for Greek culture and commerce. India was where Alexander the Great had his greatest battles. In the battle of the Hydaspes river, he emerged victorious against king pours. Alexander the Great wanted to conquer more land, but because of his army was exhausted by years of fighting decided to return home then died shortly after. Alexander the Great never lost a battle in his 15 years of conquest. While he conquered, he popularized the use of coins with propaganda on it. He named more than 70 cities after himself and one after his horse. He was said to be ruthless toward those that oppose him as well as fair and honest toward those who exhibited courage. He was said to have a temper problem and a drinking problem. Alexander the Great is said to smell good. Growing up, he had military experience, outdoors skills as well as education that is not common knowledge like medicine and art. He had Heterochromia making his eyes, two different colors, one blue and one brown. Alexander the Great washed his hair in saffron to keep his hair orange and shinyShow MoreRelatedGenghis Khan Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: Chingis Khan 1 Throughout history, many a great empires have been built. Some so vast, that on them the sun never set. These empires however were built by multiple individuals over a period of hundreds of years. The largest empire, however was built by a group of tribal nomads led by an orphaned prince. It was the mongols under Chingis Khan who built the largest empire to ever be conquered by one man. Over the course of only a few decades he shook the world and changed historyRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay 91181 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander the Great Alexander the Great was a king and conqueror. He is commonly referred to as â€Å"the most powerful leader of all time.† What is it that makes him such a powerful leader? What has he accomplished that has made him so significant? Were his accomplishments positive or negative? These are all questions that when combined as one create a debate that has been going on for decades. There are those who admire Alexander’s military achievements and ability to carve out the largest empire the worldRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1302 Words   |  6 PagesThere are some scholars who would argue that these to ruler’s conversion to god was not sincere and they were just political masterminds. Either way Cyrus and Constantine are two central figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor ConstantineRead MoreAlexander II And Alexander The Great1642 Words   |  7 Pages A tactician is defined as someone who is good at planning tactics; Philip II and Alexander the Great would not fall under this name because they were not good at planning tactics, they were disputed to be the best at planning them. Alexander III the Great was born in 356 BC in the capital of Macedonia; Pella. Growing up Alexander watched his father turn Macedonia into a great military power . Philip II was the first to create an unstoppable Macedonian army and his son Alexander would further expandRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1305 Words   |  6 PagesThere are some scholars who would argue that these two ruler’s conversions to god was not sincere and they were just political masterminds. Either way Cyrus and Constantine are two central figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organi zed religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor ConstantineRead MoreA Brief Note On The Mongolian Empire And The Golden Horde870 Words   |  4 PagesStudies Block 8 30 September 2014 Mongols Essay The Mongolian empire thrived and conquered throughout the 12th and 13th centuries in Asia and are the largest empire in the history of the world (Document A and Backround Essay). By modern standards they are viewed as brutal barbarians, but in reality they were a thriving civilization that accomplished great feats even though they had to be barbaric when it came to war. They created new innovations within Asian countries, they had a rich and diverseRead MoreGenghis Khan And The Great Khan Of The Mongol Empire1701 Words   |  7 Pages Genghis Khan was the founder and the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He united many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia and secured more land than any other conqueror in history. Genghis Khan and the Mongolians were a leading force that molded much of Eurasia. He was born into poverty, and experienced the death of his father at a very young age. Genghis Khan eventually brought improvements to warfare, technology, and tribal relations in his at tempt to establish a route to the Silk Road.Read MorePhillip II of Macedon Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesthen a century before was still a menacing force. The Barbarian State of Macedon was led by warrior kings who aspired to be Greek, yet ruled over a feudal society that was as multicultural as any of its time. Good morning Miss Boeston and class. Todays seminar will conclusively prove to you the statement that Philip II of Macedon was responsible for the rise to greatness of the Macedonian Empire in the Fourth Century BC by examining several issues associated with Philips rule. Macedon was a weakRead MoreAlexander the Greats Impact on the World Essays1339 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great is without doubt one of the greatest military leaders of history. Not only did Alexander of Macedon conquer enormous areas of the known world but also he demonstrated dynamic leadership and masterful strategy on a large scale and tactics on the battlefield. During his life, he ruled the largest empire the world had ever seen, which stretched from ancient Greece to India. The son of King Phillip II of Macedon, Alexander was educated by the philosopher Aristotle and first led MacedonianRead MoreThe Origin Of The Mongolian People1729 Words   |  7 PagesEveryday, people move to different cities, towns, neighborhoods, or just the middle of nowhere. And these people who relocate, bring something unique to the new area that they live in. When people migrate, a society becomes more diverse. Cultures, foods, religions, languages, beliefs, and much more are exposed to di fferent people and this in turn, causes many people to become more informed, diverse, less ignorant, and sometimes even infuriated. Just like in the present, the same things occurred in

4th Amendment Essay - 2109 Words

All Americans are entitled to their rights. The Fourth Amendment states that we the people have to deny search and seizures from law enforcement without a warrant. The fourth amendment generally prohibits police from entering a home without a warrant unless the circumstances fit an established exception to the warrant requirement. According to the book The Constitution: Our Written Legacy by Joseph A. Melusky, the Fourth Amendment gives the right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. Although we are entitled to these rights, police sometimes use and abuse their authority. In many cases, the Fourth Amendment has helped prove the innocence of one’s actions.†¦show more content†¦In the court case United States v. Ludwig the police took a narcotics dog through a parking lot in hopes that he would find the scent of drugs (www.loompanatics.com). Since a motorized vehicle has the ability to be driv en far away and evidence can be removed, police believe that under certain circumstances they can search a car without a warrant. A dog alerted the cops by letting them know he smelled the scent of narcotics. They asked the suspect if they can search his truck. The suspect didn’t give them consent he was against the search but they still took the keys from him to search the truck. They found drugs in his trunk and a couple of large bags of marijuana. The police didn’t have a warrant nor did they have permission from the suspect to search his truck. The Supreme Court first ruled that it was unlawful to search his car without a warrant and no legit reasoning for the search. Then the court ruled that it was lawful because the officers said that the dog alerting them, were their reasoning for a warrantless search. The cops also stated in court that the reason they took the suspect’s keys is because if they have didn’t, there was a possibility that he could dr ive off and get rid off the drugs which would be their loss of evidence. This case shows how citizens have certain rights when it comes to their vehicles but they can still be ‘violated† in a sense. The next letter of the acronym is for illegal consentShow MoreRelated 4th Amendment Essay examples1107 Words   |  5 Pages4th Amendment In the late 1700s the 4th Amendment was written because of strong objections to the Writs of Assistance or general warrants. The Writs Assistance gave officials the right to enter any home and seize belongings without a reasonable cause. (Grolier Encyclopedia) The 4th amendment was ratified in the Bill of Rights on December 15, 1771. This amendment protects the peoples right to privacy and security. (Encarta Online) The Fourth Amendment states, The right of the people toRead MoreFourth Amendment 4th Amendment1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe 4th amendment, search and seizure causes a lot of problems. Search and Seizure is the rights that police have when they enter in a home. The standard for conducting a warrantless search, probable cause, is the same standard necessary for a warrant to issue. An illegal search or illegal seizure is a violation of your Fourth Amendment rights, and any evidence seized must be excluded from trial. Normally police need a search warrant to enter into a home unless they get the consent to enter in theRead MoreImportance Of The 4th Amendment707 Words   |  3 Pagessaid ,† Statutes authorizing unreasonable searches were the core concern of the framers of the 4th Amendment.†(Sandra Day O’Conner) This means that the Fourth Amendment was very important too the individuals that made this Amendment and to the citizens of the United States of America. The Fourth Amendment was added to the Constitution of the United States of America on December 15, 1791.This Amendment is very important because it gives people the privacy that they deserve.This also means no one canRead MoreThe 4th Amendment : Amendments To The American Revolution1802 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican colonists did not like these search and seizures and was one of the factors contributing to the American Revolution. The 10 Amendments as known as the Bill of rights were created to protect a person from excessive government powers. The 4th Amendment proposes that the searching of one’s property without a search warrant would be found unconstitutional. The 4th amendment specifically states that â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonableRead MoreNsa s Surveillance Program : A Violation Of The 4th Amendment1585 Words   |  7 PagesArturs Kazijevs PLSC 1320 4/14/2014 The NSA’s Surveillance Program: A Violation of the 4th Amendment Edward Snowden’s disclosures have brought to light many secret government actions that were previously unknown. One of the most controversial government programs that Snowden disclosed was how the National Security Agency (NSA) collected virtually every phone record for calls made in the United States between US citizens. It makes sense to monitor phone calls to or from callers located outsideRead MoreDrones in America and How They Infringe on the 4th Amendment and Due Process of the Law2930 Words   |  12 PagesConstitutional Law II Dr. Jeffery Swain Florida Memorial University Drones In America And How They Infringe On The Fourth Amendment and Due Process Of The Law Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to show how unmanned aerial vehicles, better known as UAV’s or drones infringe on the Fourth Amendment and Due Process of the law. The Fourth Amendment states; † the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable search and seizuresRead MoreKing Case Study Individual Paper978 Words   |  4 Pagesgiven as to how the Fourth and Fifth Amendments are applied to cybercrimes, as well as an explanation how the Fourth and Fifth Amendments were addressed in this case. Further explanation on how the King ruling may apply to other cases involving computers or other devices that contain electronic evidence is provided. The 4th and 5th Amendments Applied To Cybercrimes The 4th Amendment can be applied to cybercrimes, but not the 5th Amendment. However, the 4th Amendment’s protection in regards to computersRead MoreDrug Testing Of The United States1430 Words   |  6 PagesFirstly, the case involves a 4th Amendment of the constitution regarding the right to unreasonable search and seizures. Particularly, the case is about a Springfield University conducting random drug testing of the students because they have been getting various students cases, where a student was found to be involved abusing illegal controlled substances. The university conducted a survey to get knowledge from the students about abusing illegal substances such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamineRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights Of The United States Constitution1501 Words   |  7 Pagesa historical documents that has the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is for greater constitutional protection for our own indi vidual liberties. It has a list of specific prohibitions on government power. There were only 12 amendments originally for the state legislatures and only picked 10 for all the states and those are known as the Bill of Rights, but there are 27 amendments in total. Amendments 3 through 12 were adopted by the United StatesRead MoreCriminal Procedure Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesmoderate values; therefore generating conflict evident throughout the years. This paper discusses models, crime control and due process, and how each affects the criminal procedure; as well be an inclusion of the review and assessment of several amendments and how each applies to both models. Contrast between crime control and due process models The crime control model incorporates upholding principles that demonstrate the traditional values of the criminal justice system. Supporters of this model

Definition of Some Symbols Free Essays

string(121) " the Muslim leaders continued to use a simple black, white, or green flag with no markings, writing, or symbolism on it\." Some people seem to think that the red cross which is used as a symbol by the American Red Cross and International Red Cross is a Christian symbol – and therefore that these organizations are Christian in character. I don’t know why, but these people don’t seem to realize that cross are and have been used as symbols outside of Christianity. Media Matters reports: [A]ccording to the American Red Cross website, it was â€Å"[i]n honor of the Swiss †¦ that] the symbol of a red cross on a white background (the reverse of the Swiss flag) was identified as a protective emblem in conflict areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Some Symbols or any similar topic only for you Order Now † While the cross on the Swiss flag originated in the 1200s from â€Å"a symbol of the Christian faith,† according to the Swiss Embassy in the United States, the Red Cross makes no mention of Christianity as a reason for adopting the symbol. †¦ In addition to stating that its symbol was chosen as the reverse of the Swiss flag, the American Red Cross website adds that â€Å"[t]he Red Cross idea was born in 1859, when Henry Dunant, a young Swiss man, came upon the scene of a bloody battle in Solferino, Italy,† and that the â€Å"emblem was adopted at this first International Conference as a symbol of neutrality† at the first-ever Geneva Convention at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1864. Media Matters put up this information to explain how Bill O’Reilly was incorrect to use this as an example for why it’s wrong to remove the large Christian cross from Mt. Soledad in San Diego. O’Reilly isn’t the only person who thinks that the red cross is a Christian cross, though — that appears to be a belief held by many Muslims and why Muslim organizations use a red crescent. Vehicles with a red cross on them might be targeted as a Christian vehicle in wrong place. Thus, Christians like Bill O†™Reilly who are trying to defend Christianity are making the same mistakes as non-Christian terrorists who would like to attack Christianity. The irony of this is truly astounding. It is confusing because most people think of a â€Å"cross† as the Christian symbol, the murder weapon. The cross or plus sign on the Swiss flag is actually a symbol of the Christian faith as well so the red cross flag, a symbol which is derivative of the Swiss flag, is also a Christian symbol. The plus sign is in all aspects a cross in the religious sense and does represent a specific religion on the Swiss flag as well as the red cross symbol. I might as well be in the shape of the murder weapon itself more traditionally presented by religious people. There is a red crescent flag and a red star of David flag as well, clearly religious symbols which were made as alternatives it the Christian cross or plus sign on these flags. Identification * The red cross symbol is a four-armed cross that resembles two perfect rectangles placed to look like a cross. There is no lettering, and the symbol usually appears on a white background. Significance * The symbol is the international sign for medic. It is associated in the U. S. with the American Red Cross, a nonprofit aid agency that helps those in need, regardless of their ability to pay. History * The cross was one of many symbols used to signify medic until the introduction of firearms to battle and the increase in casualties. Henri Durant designed the red cross as we know it today after witnessing tens of thousands of soldiers left dying on the battlefield with no one to help them. As I understand it, the red cross was a symbol designed to identify medical personal during wartime – it was meant to be a symbol of protection. It is a reversal of the Swiss flag, in honour of the Red Cross founder, Henry Dunant, who was swiss. So nurses and other medical personal wore a red cross to identify themselves. Nursing was at the core of the Red Cross movement from its inception. Nowadays, the Red Cross has come to be associated with disaster relief and other humanitarian efforts. the red cross represents many things such as unity, peace, hope, and the color of our blood The crescent moon and star is an internationally-recognized symbol of the faith of Islam. The symbol is featured on the flags of several Muslim countries, and is even part of the official emblem for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The Christians have the cross, the Jews have the star of David, and the Muslims have the crescent moon, right? What is the history behind the crescent moon symbol? What does it symbolize or mean? How and when did it become associated with the faith of Islam? Is it a valid symbol for the faith? The crescent moon and star symbol actually pre-dates Islam by several thousand years. Information on the origins of the symbol are difficult to ascertain, but most sources agree that these ancient celestial symbols were in use by the peoples of Central Asia and Siberia in their worship of sun, moon, and sky gods. There are also reports that the crescent moon and star were used to represent the Carthaginian goddess Tanit or the Greek goddess Diana. The city of Byzantium (later known as Constantinople and Istanbul) adopted the crescent moon as its symbol. According to some reports, they chose it in honor of the goddess Diana. Others indicate that it dates back to a battle in which the Romans defeated the Goths on the first day of a lunar month. In any event, the crescent moon was featured on the city’s flag even before the birth of Christ. The early Muslim community did not really have a symbol. During the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Islamic armies and caravans flew simple solid-colored flags (generally black, green, or white) for identification purposes. In later generations, the Muslim leaders continued to use a simple black, white, or green flag with no markings, writing, or symbolism on it. You read "Definition of Some Symbols" in category "Papers" It wasn’t until the Ottoman Empire that the crescent moon and star became affiliated with the Muslim world. When the Turks conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, they adopted the city’s existing flag and symbol. Legend holds that the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman, had a dream in which the crescent moon stretched from one end of the earth to the other. Taking this as a good omen, he chose to keep the crescent and make it the symbol of his dynasty. There is speculation that the five points on the star represent the five pillars of Islam, but this is pure conjecture. The five points were not standard on the Ottoman flags, and as you will see on the following page, it is still not standard on flags used in the Muslim world today. For hundreds of years, the Ottoman Empire ruled over the Muslim world. After centuries of battle with Christian Europe, it is understandable how the symbols of this empire became linked in people’s minds with the faith of Islam as a whole. Based on this history, many Muslims reject using the crescent moon as a symbol of Islam. The faith of Islam has historically had no symbol, and many refuse to accept what is essentially an ancient pagan icon. It is certainly not in uniform use among Muslims. Why We Look Up – Lascaux is a World Heritage Site and late Upper Paleolithic cave complex in southwestern France that belongs to the Magdalenian Culture. Lascaux’s cave paintings were made c. 15–18,000 B. C. The sophistication of the Lascaux cave paintings is extraordinary when considered against their great antiquity. Their subtlety, complexity of technique and metaphor are qualities we can immediately relate to. The full articulation of this cave art reveals a mind akin to our own. If time and language barriers could be set aside, it is very possible that Magdalenian people of the late Upper Paleolithic would understand us, and that in return we could understand them. What do these great paintings tell us? Aurochs and other large animals portrayed in Paleolithic cave art were often hunted for food. The act of painting them in a sacred cave has often been interpreted as an important element in a ritual that invoked sympathetic hunting magic. The act of a painting the animal sends a message to its spirit, that great respect is intended and that only those individuals essential for tribal survival will be hunted and killed. The spirit world and the gods are asked to ‘understand’ and not penalize the human sphere. The act of painting, the actions and protocol by which these paintings are executed, is the ritual. The finished painting is a record of the ceremony. It is a static reminder of the bond between the spirit world and humankind and of the obligations each ‘world’ owes to the other. We do not know if these great animal paintings were prayed to. We do not know if Paleolithic religion venerated and prayed to icons. Read more at http://www. environmentalgraffiti. com/sciencetech/what-the-lascaux-cave-paintings-tell-us-about-how-our-ancestors-understood-the-stars/15506#r9dA81UrDttvubS6. 99 What do these great paintings tell us? Aurochs and other large animals portrayed in Paleolithic cave art were often hunted for food. The act of painting them in a sacred cave has often been interpreted as an important element in a ritual that invoked sympathetic hunting magic. The act of a painting the animal sends a message to its spirit, that great respect is intended and that only those individuals essential for tribal survival will be hunted and killed. The spirit world and the gods are asked to ‘understand’ and not penalize the human sphere. The act of painting, the actions and protocol by which these paintings are executed, is the ritual. The finished painting is a record of the ceremony. It is a static reminder of the bond between the spirit world and humankind and of the obligations each ‘world’ owes to the other. We do not know if these great animal paintings were prayed to. We do not know if Paleolithic religion venerated and prayed to icons. At the beginning and end of time, all the ‘worlds’ are integrated and melded into an indescribable whole and ‘oneness’. This final and beginning state of reality is the adamantine bliss of yoga and Buddhist cosmology as typified by the god Brahma. It is often created by the cosmic dance of the multi-armed Shiva. It is everything and nothing, timeless and beyond words. Read more at http://www. environmentalgraffiti. com/sciencetech/what-the-lascaux-cave-paintings-tell-us-about-how-our-ancestors-understood-the-stars/15506#r9dA81UrDttvubS6. 99 Lascaux – Hall of Bulls / panorama Norbert Aujolat – CNP/MCC This is the deep layer of meaning in many Paleolithic cave paintings that goes beyond sympathetic hunting magic. This is a multidimensional, mythological layer whose journey in the millennia to follow will connect with Stonehenge as a future article shall discuss. This deeper layer is also metaphysical and mathematical, and relates to the adamantine oneness of Vedic, Hindu and Buddhist cosmology. The complexity of mind revealed in late Upper Paleolithic cave art is akin to that expressed much later in history by ancient Vedic philosophers whose art form was Sanskrit poetry. Mathematical aspects in late Upper Paleolithic mythopoetics derived from observational astronomy. Some cave paintings recorded an understanding of the path the moon takes around the sun – the ecliptic. An understanding of the ecliptic leads to the discovery of the zodiac, the annual path of the sun through the celestial sphere. A construct for the zodiac then follows, in which it is divided into twelve sections later known as ‘houses’. Stars, moons and planets in Upper Paleolithic culture are not the stars, moons and planets of modern astrophysics that we know. They are deities whose habitat is the Milky Way and the celestial sphere. Mathematics is art, as Plato knew well. If the annual journey of the sun, moon, visible planets and some very bright stars can be tracked and recorded with enough precision to enable accurate prediction, then the human ‘world’ has understood a great deal about the gods. We are no longer passive because we know where these celestial entities go during their year’s sojourn and what those journeys portend for life on earth. The gods do not travel alone, nor are they unconcerned about human welfare. We are their acolytes and worshipers, and the only beings that can nourish the gods. We are the only sentient beings beside the gods themselves. This is not a child’s game where Paleolithic astronomer-shaman-priests looked into the night sky to find the silhouettes of familiar animals in the geometrical arrangement of stars in the night sky. We can be fairly confident that star gazing at night was not frivolous. It was a search for realities that were believed to exist. What might be those truths? These early artifacts and cave paintings reveal a deep conviction that there was a spirit world inhabited by deities, and that some or all of that ‘universe’ was above us and was celestial. Another portion of the universe was below, an ‘underworld’ that was the antithesis of the celestial. The ‘world of the gods’ was not chaotic. Observational astronomy was the premier empirical science of the time. Astronomer-priests discovered that the ‘world’ of the gods was multidimensional and precisely organized by number and time. Pattern through time, provides consistency, a belief in structure and the possibility for prediction down the time track of the future. Look up, think and perhaps the manifestations of several deities can be seen, if they wish that to be seen by humans. When the Late Paleolithic astronomer-priests found the gods in the heavens, they confirmed that the gods do wish to be seen by us, that their celestial form is recognizable and stable, and does not change from night to night. Dr. Michael Rappengluck of the University of Munich has long believed that Magdalenian Culture of the late Upper Paleolithic in Europe looked at the night sky and ‘saw’ the Milky Way. They also discerned several bright, prominent arrangements of stars which could be described and integrated into a mythology. These arrangements of stars were the first constellations to intrude into human culture. Organized into a celestial landscape that winds its way through the Milky Way and upon which the Sun will travel, the earliest Zodiac had been found and mapped. As Plato said about mathematics, it is not an invention of human genius. It has always been there, waiting to be discovered. Lascaux – Two Aurochs / Taurus, Scorpio Photo – Prof saxx / Wikipedia The two aurochs that face each other were aligned with arrangements for the constellations of Taurus and Scorpio. They also correspond to the rising and setting opposition of two fixed stars: a) Aldebaran, which is the eye of the bull in the constellation Taurus; and b) Antares which is in Scorpio. Understand that there are several aurochs depicted on the cave walls in the Hall of the Bulls, but only one depiction of the constellation Taurus the Bull. Why do the Bulls predominate, why is Taurus the dominant constellation? Taurus is not the Solar God unless we make him so. The eye of the auroch that is Taurus is the supergiant star Aldebaran in the center of the constellation. The open star cluster Hyades encircles, and the Pleiades is above, the shoulder of Taurus. Culture would be the behaviour – context would be anything else eg climate, geography, raw materials and technology available. So smoke signals would reflect a culture and the fact that on open plains you can see such signalling.. Cave paintings are the root of traditional illustration, one the earliest of which has been in recent news, a ‘faint red dot’ dated to more than 40,000 years ago. These were discovered in 11 caves in Spain, and results show that they are at least 15,000 years older than we first thought. It raises many questions; What are they trying to say? Who made it? Is it symbolic? Who was it made for? No matter what the answers are, illustration is a means for people to convey information, a means of visual communication. The purpose of these cave paintings are unknown, and we can only speculate as to their actual purpose. A time well before printing press, but the value of visual communication has lasted through the ages. One thing that is for sure is it was some sort of communication via visual aids, they had a purpose and had something to say. As you understand from the title, this blog is going to be about the History of Visual Communication Design, that actually had started many many years ago†¦ First of all, visual communication means, â€Å"the communication of ideas throufh the visual display of information. Primarily associated with two dimensional images, it includes: art, signs, photography, typography, drawing fundamentals, colour and electronic resources. Recent research in the field has focused on web design and graphically oriented usability. It is part of what a graphic designer does to communicate visually with the audience. † (from http://www. citrinitas. com) History of Visual Communication Design has actually started with the paintings on rocks and caves in Europe with Cro-Magnons, who form the earliest known European examples of Homo-sapiens. It is known that they are descending from populations of the Middle-East and lived from about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago in the Paleolithic period of the Pleistocene epoch. Cro-Magnons were anatomically modern. They are only different with their partly stronger physiology and brains that have larger capacity than that of modern humans. After they arrived in Europe (about 40,000 years ago), they brought sculpture, painting, body ornamentation, engraving, music and decoration of utilitarian objects, there. Tools that were survived by Cro-Magnons comprise of huts (small dwelling), carvings, cave paintings and antler-tipped spears (weapons). By the way, antler means horn of animals in the deer family, so we know that they used to hunt animal not only for food, but to make weapons, too. The remains also suggest that these people knew how to make woven clothing. More over their huts were constructed of rocks, bones, clay, branches and animal fur. It is possible that Cro-Magnons have created the first calender around 15. 000 years ago, with their knowledge of painting pictures with manganese and iron oxides. Cave Paintings â€Å"Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on cave or rockwalls and ceilings, usually dating to prhistoric times. Rock paintings are made since the Upper Paleolithic, 40,000 years ago. It is widely believed that the paintings are the work of respected elders or shamans. † They mostly used to draw/paint large wild animals, like bisons, aurochs, horses, deers and tracing of human hands. Of caurse they have depicted abstract forms, too. † (from http://www. citrinitas. com) Researchers think that cave art may have How to cite Definition of Some Symbols, Papers

IT Risk Management in Victorian Government-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the IT Risk Management and Security in Victorian Government. Answer: Introduction The application of applying principles of risk management in an IT organization that provides management for the risks and security associated with the IT field is the process called the IT risk management process. It is combination of culture system and processes that has been undertaken by the organizations that identifies and coordinates management of risk. This risk management to achieve the objectives they aim and to prevent the harm should spread awareness and evidence that explains the need of risk management for the further decision making process in the organizations (Chance Brooks 2015). The methodology of risk management should identify and characterize the threats, determine the general impact of the risk, identify the way to reduce the risks and hence prioritize the risk reduction based on the planned strategy in IT sectors. The risks are managed in the sectors of ownership, involvement, adoption, influence and the use of IT in a larger enterprise. The several numbers o f standards provides general guidance on the practice of risk management. There are much benefits of using intrusion detection system, firewalls and vulnerability scanner to reduce the risk and can be used by common people very easily. In this report we are going to discuss the current security risks and concerns in VIC government using a diagram. Further explaining the areas of risk exposure in the organization and analyzing the accidental threats. Justifying the threats and ranking accordingly focusing on the importance. Explaining and analyzing the security guideline of the private and public organization. Moreover discussing about the challenges faced by the by the VIC government during risk management as well as evaluating the available approach of VIC government for risk control and mitigation with relatable examples. Hence, critically analyzing approaches for mitigating security risks and evaluating the risks management in terms of vulnerabilities targeted by hackers. Identifying the security risks and concerns in VIC government Risk is basically the effect of uncertainty over the objectives. But there is a prior difference between risks and uncertainty (will be discussing later in this report). The risk management process hence implies: 1. The analysis, assessment, identification and prioritizing the risk for the achievement of the organizational objectives, 2. Allocating the resources to monitor, communicate, minimize and control risk impact that minimizes the realization of opportunities, 3. Coordinating to the activities (Chance Brooks 2015). The VIC government deals with several processes as mentioned above. The platform the government mainly concerns about are: Archives and Record management Ethical Decision making Information Risk Management Security Management Safety Response Using the Social Media Here we are going to discuss about the Risk Management in the Victorian Government and its impact on the private and public sector of the country (Daly, Cooper Ma 2014). Figure 1: VGPB strategic overview plan 2016-2021 (Source: By the Author) The current security risk in the Victorian Government is mainly the transport operators. This area can be seriously affected by the security risks. Normal level of services can be more cost effective and quicker if the organization prepares and anticipate for the risks (Davies, 2014). The VIC government has worked on this transport sector and produced a Security Risk Assessment Guide, which explains methodology for the small to large transportation operator and the security risk assessment that focuses on the current practices. Identifying areas of Risk Exposure The Victorian Government Purchasing Board (VGPB) was found under the Finance Management Act (FMA) 1994 (Dollard Gordon, 2014). The Victorian Protective Data Security Framework was established under the Privacy and Data Protection Act in 2014 that provides data security obligations to the agencies of Victorian public sector (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). It builds the security risk management maturity as well as capabilities by using the principles and guidelines that already exists; this reflects the unique operating requirements of the sector. The Victorian government developed the Victorian Protective Data Security Framework (VPDSF) to monitor, establish and assure the security of information within the boundaries of Victorian government. The current security risks and concerns of the VIC government are: to determine the ownership and identify information assess the value of information identifying and managing the data security risks applying needed security measures creating positive security culture maturing the capability of protective data security Across four protective security domains and governance, VPDSF provides the organization data security protection. The Victorian government takes care of the national interest, it remains mandatory for the Protective Security Policy Framework requirements (Hopkin, 2017). On the basis of the above diagram we can note that there are five major levels of VGPB strategy: Vision: This provides leadership of goods and services that delivers value-for-money in government procurement outcomes for Victorian government (Howes et al., 2015). Mission: This level ensures the government the ability to minimize risks and develop the procurement capabilities and enables the accessibility to these procurement opportunities for all business. This also delivers the value-for-money and fit-for opportunity. This policy framework changed the tactics of Victorian Government procure services and goods after being introduced by VGPB: 1. Enhanced and embed VGPB supply policy, 2. Implementation and development of a procurement capability strategy across process, people as well as system, 3. Engaging with suppliers and the market such that to improve business with the public sector of Victorian government, 4. Enlarging the impact of VGPBs on the Victorian public sector procurement, and 5. Measuring the importance and benefits of the framework of VGPB procurement. Directives: This section manages the Value-of-money, Accountability, Probity and Scalability of the framework. The Assurance model aims to enhance the maturity of the protective data security practice of an organization and ensures the protection of information against security breaches. There is a difference between Risk analysis and Risk Exposure. The areas of risk exposure can be part of any and every activity (Jaeger et al., 2013). Risk Exposure provides a measure to the upcoming possibility of losses that may occurs form an activity or event. In IT business risk exposure often use ranks like low, medium-low, medium and high risk exposure depending on the different kind of losses either it is acceptable or unacceptable. This may include legal liability, damaged or loss of property, employees unexpected turnover or in the change in demand of the customers (Kaine et al., 2017). In the Figure 1, the area of higher risk exposure is the Accountability since the accountancy part is risky and can be data breaches by penetrating the security system. The area of low-medium risk is the value of money (Lam, 2014). The third position for medium risk is the scalability and the lowest is the probity since it deals with the public sector. Analysis of Deliberate and Accidental Threats An example of a common threat in VIC: Threats to damage and destroy property- A person can be determined as a threat for another person on not having lawful excuse (Lane et al., 2017) To damage and destroy a property that may belong to himself or any third person To damage and destroy ones own property in complete sense of knowing or believing that the property can endanger the life of others. Threats to kill- A person can be determined as a threat for another person who threatens to kill the other person The other person is intended to fear the threat and hence would be carried out forward Being reckless about the persons intension of fearing the threat can be carried out further The current security risk in the Victorian Government is mainly the transport operators. This area can be seriously affected by the security risks (Liu et al., 2016). Normal level of services can be more cost effective and quicker if the organization prepares and anticipate for the risks. The VIC government has worked on this transport sector and produced a Security Risk Assessment Guide, which explains methodology for the small to large transportation operator and the security risk assessment that focuses on the current practices (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The methodology of risk management should identify and characterize the threats, determine the general impact of the risk, identify the way to reduce the risks and hence prioritize the risk reduction based on the planned strategy in IT sectors. On the case study of NSW Government Disaster Recovery, the risks are managed in the sectors of ownership, involvement, adoption, influence and the use of IT in a larger enterprise. Th e several numbers of standards provides general guidance on the practice of risk management. There are much benefits of using intrusion detection system, firewalls and vulnerability scanner to reduce the risk and can be used by common people very easily. Challenges in VIC government The main challenges are faced by the public sector in the VIC government (Nicholson et al., 2015). Hence there are several principle based on which the VIC government should carry forward the risk management via outsourcing: Risk Management Applying technique Importance 1. Creating and protecting the value Mainly incorporated in governance framework Part of organizational culture should be considered Improvement of performance Achievement of the objective 2. Integral part of the agency planning and management process Maintaining the strategic and business planning Part of change management process Avoids delicacy Guides the prioritization Classifies responsibilities 3. Part of Decision making Explicitly incorporated into system design, changes and projects resources allocation Part of staff recruitment and employment arrangement Assist prioritize actions Distinguished alternative course of actions 4. Transparency and Inclusive Scope and methods should be identified for risk monitoring and reporting stakeholders Role of stakeholders within the process of risk management Promotes the line of sight and risk appetite Vulnerabilities identification 5. Tailoring the risk framework is designed and operated to fit with the agencys capabilities and context adequate resources are allocated aligns with agencys external and internal context and risk profile 6. Continual facility improvement risk management system is incorporated in continual improvement systems stakeholder feedback is sought to influence the ongoing development of the risk framework improves agency risk maturity addresses stakeholder expectations to protect community interests Difference between Risk and Uncertainty The main difference between the risk and uncertainty is that risk is an unplanned event and occurrence of risk may affect of the objectives in management (Paschen Beilin, 2017). It may either affect the project positively or negatively hence risk can both be a positive risk as well as a negative risk. The main objective is to minimize the negative strategy impact of risks and to maximize the positive risk responseis the chances of happening positive risks. Risks have been identified during the risk identifying process (Potts, Rajabifard Bennett, 2017). The Unknown risks are those risks which cannot be identified during the risk identification processes. Lack of certainty is known as the uncertainty. The outcome of any event is said to be completely unknown in uncertainty, and it cannot be guessed or measured thus we dont get any background information on certain event. In uncertainty, one completely lacks the information of the event even though it has been identified earlier (Slovic, 2016). In case of such unknown risks, although having the information background, people simply ignores it during the identify risks process. The following are a few differences between risk and uncertainty: The possibility of future outcome cannot be predicted while being in uncertainty Uncertainty is uncontrollable but risk can still be managed Uncertainty cannot be measures and quantified while risk can be One can assign the probability of risk events but with uncertainty one cannot In the considered case study of VIC government the risk and uncertainty are governance and the sector of market approach respectively. Evaluating the availability of VIC government for Risk Control and Mitigation The VIC government has principles of risk management that controls the risk and mitigation of the country IT sector. Cresting and protecting the values Integral part must be created of the agency procession Is the part of the decision making processes Explicitly addresses the uncertainty A systematic, structures and timely maintained operation Based on the best available information Created and developed by the agency Takes the cultural and human factor in account The transparency and inclusiveness Is iterative, dynamic and accessible to the changes Continual improvement facilitates the agency This provides protection against data breaches and cyber crimes occurrence. The application of an integrated risk management information system is quite important for the approach to safety (Sweeting, 2017). The risk exposures in potential business are a measurement against the risk that involves significant priorities. The concept of risk management is to determine the agencys possible risk appetite and the medium of communication, the implementation of agencys risk management framework and its allocation as well as the roles and responsibilities for managing the individual risk. For enhancing the performance of the risk management and decision making of the VIC government the agency applies the following approaches: The continual improvement of risk management techniques and the enhancement of the organizational production Risks, controls and risk treatments on full accountability Risk management application in every decision making process, independent of the level of significance and importance (Warmerdam et al., 2017) Having stakeholders consultation and continual communication risk management of full integration in the agencys governance structure Conclusion An effective management of risk gives rise to some significant improvement in operational profitability and operational effectiveness. An approach to risk management is required in each sector of industry for the better security management and safety process in the near future. This provides protection against data breaches and cyber crimes occurrence. The application of an integrated risk management information system is quite important for the approach to safety. The risk exposures in potential business are a measurement against the risk that involves significant priorities. The concept of risk management is to determine the agencys possible risk appetite and the medium of communication, the implementation of agencys risk management framework and its allocation as well as the roles and responsibilities for managing the individual risk. The approach of effective risk management for corporate and business planning process enables better decision making, establish clear accountability , improves the performances and the outcomes and build confidence in the new opportunity that considers the risk approach. The Victorian Protective Data Security Standards (VPDSS) developed high level mandatory requirements such that to secure the public sector data and to provide the governance across the domains like ICT, physical security, personnel and information. The standard as discussed is durable and hence takes the risk management approach empowering the government business to function safety, security and effectiveness. It also encourages the decision making of the organization and proritiz4e the security effort. A risk management approach requires your organization to ensure information is always adequately protected, by continually assessing security measures against any new or updated threats and vulnerabilities. The adoption of a risk-based approach consistent with the Victorian Government Risk Management Framework (VGRMF) is the fundamental principle of the VPDSF. 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