Are Sweatshops Good or Bad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Are Sweatshops Good or Bad - Essay Example As indicated by the US Department of Labor, half of the of the piece of clothing production lines working in the USA have been seen as disregarding at least 2 work laws, in this manner falling in the class of sweat shops (Powell and Skarbek, 3). In any case, the way that they are significant wellspring of vocations for the greater part poor inside various economies of the world is likewise unquestionable (Pollin, et al, 9). In this way, while surveying the subject of whether sweat shops are fortunate or unfortunate, it is essential to consider that in any case; the substances must figure out how to make due through various economies. Now, it is important to consider on this inquiry; would the presence of sweatshops bring about more mischief than the damage that would result from the conclusion of all sweatshops universally? In this regard, this conversation holds the contention that sweatshops are acceptable. This is on the grounds that: The way that something is in every case superior to nothing despite everything holds for the lion's share poor. Sweat shops have made various openings for work for the untalented and the semi-talented workforce both in the USA and all through the world. As indicated by the U.S. Agency of Labor Statistics 1997 registration measurements, more than 2 million individuals in 150 nations internationally work in piece of clothing sweatshops that produce attire for USA alone (National Labor Committee, 2).

Nelson Mandela Spiritual Biography Essay

Nelson Mandela rocked the boat from various perspectives climate it was done strategically, socially, or by and by, so as to accomplish such significant standards Mandela paid numerous incredible individual costs. Prior to the demonstrations of Nelson Mandela, the nation of South Africa was broken; it was plunged in a profound prejudice with the political decision in 1948. The system of 1948 perpetrated the wrongdoing of Apartheid which is characterized as the activity of carrying out coldhearted demonstrations of a character like different violations against humankind which is submitted with regards to a systematized system which methodicallly abuses and commands one racial gathering over some other racial gathering or gatherings and submits it with the aim of keeping up that system. Mandela would restrict the thoughts of this system and in the long run assume a significant job in the end of the politically-sanctioned racial segregation they worked in shrewdness to make. In his collection of memoirs Nelson Mandela portrays his hardships on his excursion to the opportunity of South Africa thus the name of the book â€Å" Long Walk To Freedom†. From when he was youthful, Mandela was raised to be a pioneer. Nelson Mandela has a place with a cadet part of the Thembu line, which reigns in the Transkei district of South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. At the point when Mandela was nine, his dad kicked the bucket of tuberculosis and the official, Jongintaba, turned into his watchman. He went to numerous schools remembering The Wesleyan College for Healdtown, this is the place a large portion of the Thembu sovereignty set off for college. Jongintaba adapted Mandela to be a pioneer and these characteristics’ appear during his administration. Anyway this authority preparing was stopped by the way that such a significant number of individuals of eminence face, orchestrated marrage. Not long after leaving Fort Hare, Jongintaba declared to Mandela and Justice (the regent’s child and beneficiary to the seat) that he had organized relationships for them two. He fled to Johannesburg so as to abstain from being strongly hitched and what he discovered was a nation whose national banner was in the word reference close to the word politically-sanctioned racial segregation. Resolved to change business as usual he set out on a political crusade and joined the ANC and started rehearsing fear based oppression. He was captured and condemned to life in jail. He was discharged twenty seven years after the fact by making the guarantee that he would quit taking an interest in fear mongering. He returned to the ANC and utilized it as his ideological group to pursue position. He won because of the way that he had won the option to decide in favor of a considerable lot of the dark South Africans who upheld him. He brought together the nation, most quite through rugby, yet in addition assisted with raising a considerable lot of the blacks, whale not ignoring the whites, out of destitution. He is as yet a powerful character right up 'til the present time, and leads numerous compassionate associations. He is as of now in the emergency clinic because of clinical difficulties yet he is relied upon to make a recuperation. Beginning in his initial life Nelson Mandela consistently rocked the boat. During this time he got away from a masterminded marriage and consequently starting an existence of important rebellion, disobedience that would improve the lives of every one of everyone around him, insubordination that lift a race from the profundities of destitution, resistance that would end politically-sanctioned racial segregation. He started his political crusade through serene fighting taking from the thoughts of Gandhi with quiet peaceful dissent. This is appeared by â€Å" I can't pinpoint the a second when I became politicized, when I realized that I would go through my time on earth in the freedom battle. To be African in South Africa implies that one is politicized from the snapshot of ones birth , climate one recognizes it or not.† (Long Walk to Freedom 208). He joined the ANC and on December 5 1956. Soon after Mandela and 150 others were fighting peacefully and were captured and accused o f conspiracy, anyway the entirety of the respondents got vindications. Mandela understood that he would require increasingly forceful strategies so as to end politically-sanctioned racial segregation. He opposed the 1948 system which bolstered and reinforced politically-sanctioned racial segregation in South Africa, exemplified by a life story of Nelson Mandela â€Å" The NP held onto the political activity in 1948 and held it into the mid 1950s, pushing through its plan of politically-sanctioned racial segregation enactment without appearing to pay any notice, not to mention making any trade offs, to the political powers orchestrated against it.† (Nelson Mandela 46). This statement represents why Mandela relinquished his peaceful methods, in light of the fact that the system had absolute help from the white populace and would not change its perspectives at all. In 1961 Mandela turned into the pioneer of the equipped wing of the ANC and proceeded with his disobedience by brutal methods. Mandela depicted the transition to furnished battle if all else fails; Due to the way that the abuse and savagery from the administration was expanding in spite of his earnest attempts, this persuaded Mandela that even with a lot more long stretches of peaceful dissent against politically-sanctioned racial segregation, he was unable to take out politically-sanctioned racial segregation peacefully. Furthermore, in June 1961, Mandela sent a letter to South African papers cautioning the administration, that on the off chance that they didn't fulfill their needs, the Umkhonto we Sizwe would leave on a battle of treachery. The letter requested the legislature acknowledge a require a national sacred show. The requests were not met by the legislature and starting on 16 December 1961, the Umkhonto we Sizwe with Mandela as its pioneer, propelled a shelling effort against government focuses with the primary activity of the battle being the bombarding of a power sub â€station. Altogether, throughout the following eighteen months, the Umkhonto we Sizwe would start handfuls more demonstrations of treachery and bombings. This is appeared by his statement â€Å"I don't deny that I arranged harm. I didn't design it in a feeling of carelessness nor on the grounds that I have any affection for savagery. I arranged it because of a quiet and calm evaluation of the political circumstance that had emerged after numerous long stretches of oppression, misuse and persecution of my kin by the whites.† (Nelson Mandela). This exemplified his actual insubordination of politically-sanctioned racial segregation, that he was happy to degenerate his qualities to accomplish an objective. Nelson Mandela didn't follow business as usual using any and all means during these long stretches of his life. His preliminary likewise embodies how he didn't follow business as usual. He attempted to utilize his preliminary to battle politically-sanctioned racial segregation however this contention didn't withstand so well with the white adjudicator who was designated by the 1948 organization. At long last he was seen as blameworthy of numerous wrongdoings as expressed in â€Å" Crimes Charged: (1) The commission of demonstrations of treachery along with the socialist party; (2) connivance to help or acquire unjust acts concerning the enrollment of people for preparing in the readiness and utilization of explosives for perpetrating demonstrations of brutality, trick to carry out demonstrations of guerilla fighting, demonstrations of help to military units of remote nations attacking South Africa, and demonstrations of cooperation in vicious upset; (3) the execution of the regular motivation behind perpetrating the demonstrations set out over; (4) requesting cash in South Africa and abroad a nd dispensing those assets in light of a legitimate concern for their campaign† ( Great World Trials 347). Despite the fact that this statement might be long and hard to peruse, it is characteristic proof for what they are really detaining Mandela for, to quiet his insubordination. After his preliminary and conviction and he was taken to Robben Island where he would genuinely start his otherworldly excursion. Indeed, even the jail framework in South Africa was isolated and Mandela was a D-Class Prisoner and was just permitted one visit and letter for each month. Anyway despite the fact that Mandela was in Jail his significant other, Winnie Mandela kept resisting politically-sanctioned racial segregation appeared by â€Å" All the while, Mandela’s spouse, Winnie Mandela, who was the two his reliable upheld and regarded agent outwardly, went through the decades dissenting and occasionally being attempted, detained, and prohibited for her political activity.†( Great World Trials 352). Mandela started an excursion of information increasing a Bachelor of laws from the University of London by means of their outside program appeared by â€Å" I was still amidst examining my L.L.B. at the University of London. I had begun reading for the L.L.B. at the University of London during the Rivonia Trial† ( Long Walk to Freedom 504). This obviously embodies Mandela’s rebellion, that despite the fact that they bolted him up he despite everything examined his objective of closure politically-sanctioned racial segregation which he saw as best served by facilitating his training and increasing a law degree. Mandela likewise read verse becoming exceptionally enamored with a sonnet by William Earnest Henley called Invictus. These delightful words propelled him to not be vindictive towards the whites who put him in jail but instead to look for solidarity. Mandela was in the long run discharged from prison on February 2, 1990 after he made an arrangement with President F. W. de Klerk who had disposed of the prohibition on ANC and different associations like it. Upon his discharge from jail he rejoined the initiative of the ANC currently lead by Chris Hani. Mandela dealt with the ANC in April of 1993 after the death of Chris Hani. By then the ANC and other enemy of politically-sanctioned racial segregation associat ions had won the privileges of the dark populace to cast a ballot. Mandela utilized the ANC as his ideological group to submit a definitive demonstration of disobedience, run for the administration of South Africa. The ANC won 62 percent of the votes in the political decision, and Mandela was introduced as South Africa’s first dark president on May 10 1994. Nelson Mandela saw this as the start of his excursion and not an opportunity to unwind appeared by â€Å" I have strolled that long street to opportunity. I have made an effort not to flounder; I have made slips up en route. In any case, I have found the mystery that subsequent to climbing an incredible slope, one just finds that there are a lot more slopes to climb. I have paused for a minute here to rest, to take a perspective on the superb vista that encompasses me, to think back on the separation I have come. In any case, I can rest just for a second, for with opportunity come

The New Act Essay Samples - Easy to Find, Quality Info For College

The New Act Essay Samples - Easy to Find, Quality Info For CollegeWhen you are looking for essay samples, the old way that you are probably used to, is no longer going to be effective. It is important to remember that you are learning from someone who has been there before and is able to teach you from a beginner's point of view. This is where the old school way of doing things failed you and they should have never been in business in the first place.The best way to find out about essay samples is online. You can get great information on various topics by simply doing an internet search for the name of the subject. What you will find is a wealth of information on subjects such as the new act, vacation plans, exams, exams for different colleges, internships, school plans, scholarships, loans, college applications, school locations, parents time off policy, internet service and so much more.There are many things that you need to know when it comes to college and the students who attend school. It may not be possible for you to get to school when you need to because you are busy working and raising your children, but it is always good to have a good guide to help you through the college experience. This is what these online essays are for and that is why you need to find them online.One of the best ways to find the right college essay samples for your needs is by reading through the sites yourself. It is the best way to make sure that you are getting what you need and that you are using the type of essay that you want to. This is exactly what the internet is good at, making sure that you are happy with what you get.This can be done by reviewing what is written on the site and then deciding what writing sample would be right for you. This is the only way that you will know if the site is reliable or not and you need to be careful about this when choosing an essay provider. You want to make sure that you are getting what you want.It is also important to remember tha t all sites have their own personal opinions and just because it is a 'liked' site does not mean that it is the right site for you. You need to do some research and make sure that you are getting the best service for your needs. This can also be done by contacting the site owner and asking questions before you make any decisions about what to use.The other thing that you need to do is take your time and do some reading before you actually start submitting your essay. Many of the newer sites allow you to read the sample and decide whether or not you want to use it. If you need to get your question answered you can get it from the site owner or someone on the site.It is important to remember that what is written on a site has not changed and it will be the same when you use the new act essay samples that you found online. You should keep this in mind when choosing a site for your work and remember that you can always change your choices later on. There are always other essay providers out there that are giving the same thing and you should consider it when it comes to your needs.

Definition of a Public University

Meaning of a Public University The term open demonstrates that the universitys financing comes incompletely from state citizens. This isn't correct forâ private colleges. Its additionally significant that numerous states don't subsidize their state funded colleges sufficiently, and now and again far not exactly 50% of the working spending originates from the state. Administrators regularly consider open to be as a spot to decrease spending, and the outcome can at times be noteworthy increments in educational cost and expenses, bigger class sizes, less scholastic choices, and longer time to graduation. Instances of Public Universities The biggest private grounds in the nation are for the most part state funded colleges. For instance, these open organizations all have in excess of 50,000 understudies: University of Central Florida, Texas AM University, The Ohio State University, Arizona State University, and the University of Texas at Austin. These schools all have a solid spotlight on personnel and graduate research, and all have Division I athletic projects. You wont locate any private colleges that are almost as extensive as these schools. The entirety of the schools recorded above are major or leader grounds of the state frameworks. Most of state funded colleges, in any case, are lesser-referred to local grounds, for example, the University of West Alabama, Penn State University Altoona, and the University of Wisconsin. Provincial grounds frequently work admirably controlling expenses, and many offer projects appropriate for working grown-ups who are attempting to gain a degree. Highlights of Public Universities A state funded college has a couple of highlights that recognize it from private colleges: Size - The size of state funded colleges differs broadly. As referenced above, be that as it may, the biggest colleges in the nation are on the whole open. Youll likewise find provincial state funded colleges of only two or three thousand students.Division I Athletics - The incredible dominant part of Division I athletic groups are handled by state funded colleges. For instance, everything except one individual from the SEC (Vanderbilt) are state funded colleges, and everything except one individual from the Big Ten (Northwestern) are open. At the equivalent, time, there are various Division II, Division III, and NAIA athletic projects at state funded colleges, and some open foundations that have no intercollegiate athletic projects at all.Low Cost - Public colleges regularly have educational cost that is impressively lower than private colleges, particularly for in-state understudies. Out-of-state educational cost can fluctuate broadly, and a few schools, for example, those in the U niversity of California System and the University of Michigan have out-of-state educational cost that is as high or higher than numerous private organizations. Additionally remember that numerous state funded colleges dont have the assets for powerful award help that youll find at top-level private colleges, so in the event that you meet all requirements for money related guide, you may really locate that a top private college will cost you not exactly a top state funded college, regardless of whether the retail cost is a huge number of dollars higher. Worker and Part-time Students - Public colleges will in general have more suburbanite and low maintenance understudies than private schools and colleges. This is especially valid for provincial state funded colleges. The leader grounds of state frameworks will in general be to a great extent residential.The Downside - Read the profiles of colleges cautiously. Much of the time, state funded colleges have lower graduation rates, higher understudy/staff proportions and more advance guide (consequently, more understudy obligation) than private colleges. State funded colleges share numerous highlights with private colleges: Undergrad and graduate understudy center - Large state funded colleges have noteworthy bosses and doctoral projects simply like top private universities.Graduate degrees - At enormous state funded colleges, propelled degree contributions, for example, a M.A., M.F.A., M.B.A., J.D., Ph.D., and M.D. are common.Broad scholarly contributions - Students can regularly pick courses in the aesthetic sciences, sciences, building, business, wellbeing, and fine arts.Faculty center around examine - At large name state funded colleges, educators are frequently assessed for their exploration and distributing first, and instructing second. Instructing may take need at branch grounds and territorial state funded colleges. A Final Word on Public Universities The most specific universities in the nation are on the whole private, and the schools with the biggest gifts are likewise private. All things considered, the countrys best state funded colleges convey trainings that are comparable to their private partners, and the sticker price of open foundations can be as much as $40,000 less every year than first class private establishments. The sticker price, be that as it may, is infrequently the genuine cost of school, so make certain to investigate budgetary guide. Harvard, for instance, has an all out expense of over $66,000 every year, except an understudy from a family that acquires under $100,000 a year can go for nothing. For in-state understudies who dont meet all requirements for help, a state funded college will much of the time be the more moderate choice.

Solving Issues with Servant Leadership Work Environment - 550 Words

Solving Issues with Servant Leadership: Describe the Work Environment (Essay Sample) Content: Solving Issues with Servant LeadershipNameInstitutionSolving Issues with Servant LeadershipOne of the major issues affecting the organizations today is the employee turnover. Employee turnover refers to the number of the employees that leaves the organization and is replaced by new employees. High turnover affects the organizations in many ways that include financially and emotionally. Selladurai et al. (2014) indicate that the employee turnover is as a result of various issues that include harsh treatment from the management, low pay, organizational conflicts and harassments among others. Managers should be very cautious to realize the early signs of the turnover likelihood and solve them before they negatively affect the organization.Fortinet is a small US organization that is growing at a rapid rate. The company is in the technology industry and sells network security services. Currently, the company has over 20,000 partners and in 2014, the company was recognized as the global leader in the unified threat management solutions. Fortinet has 2,600 employees, and they continue to increase as the company continues to venture into the foreign markets. The issue of employee turnover in this company has been a challenge that has affected their productivity. Retaining employees in this company is essential and will maintain the companys growth. Some of the models that can be used to manage the employees turnover, in this case, include servant leadership model, situational leadership, and participative models. The leadership styles that the leaders implement largely affect the employees attitude to work and turnover rates.The participative leadership model unlike the autocratic can solve the turnover issues. This model seeks to involve the employees in making various decisions that affect them. When making important decisions, the leaders turn to the employees for input that makes them feel valued and respected. One of the issues that lead to turnov er is disrespecting the employees and lack of adequate communication. By encouraging the employees and keeping the dialogues alive, the employees may not leave work. Through the participative model, the leader creates an environment that will empower the employees. Empowered employees make decisions that enhance customers satisfaction, profitability and productivity (Selladurai et al., 2014).Another model that can be used in this case is the servant leadership. Servant leadership involves the manager focusing on the needs of other before they can consider theirs. In this case, the manager ensures that all the employees are treated well that will ensure that they are empowered and ready to work. Since employees leave work because of being uncomfortable among other issues, the leader ensures that the issues are solved, and the employees are working in a conducive environment. Through good listening skills, foresight, empathy, and awareness, leaders e...

Tuesdays With Morrie The Main Themes In The Book - 1375 Words

Tuesdays With Morrie: The Main Themes In The Book (Book Review Sample) Content: Tuesdays with Morrie NameInstitution:Date:IntroductionTuesdays with Morrie, authored by Mitch Albom, is a narrative depicting a love story between a man and his college professor, called Morrie Schwartz (Albom, 2009). Morrie, who is a professor at Brandeis University, has spent most of his life teaching sociology in the university. He is an excellent lecturer and teachers according to the narration and only retires when illness comes knocking. On the other hand, Mitch is portrayed as a good man surrendering his vision of having a career in the music industry, professional success and material wealth. He values money over love and has grown disillusioned (Albom, 2009). After spending his entire time working and neglecting Janine his wife, he finds himself in the end jobless and without a steady source of income. The unionized strike brings him to reality by asking several questions about choices he has made in life. The story written in 1997 and describes a friendship that transformed his life. The narrative is a true story capturing the wisdom and compassion of a man who only knowing good in his heart and he has lived his life to the very fullest until the last breath of his life, a life happily lived. When Mitch learned that Morrie was unwell, he began the last class of the life of Morrie, and together, they tried to reveal the The Meaning of Life (Wang, 2006). Mitch Albom, who is the narrator of the book, recalls how he graduated from Brandeis University in 1970s spring. After receiving his diploma, he approaches Morrie Schwartz, who was his favourite professor, presenting him with a monogrammed briefcase (Wang, 2006). Most of the sociology courses that Mitch took while at Brandeis were taught by professor Morrie. He promises Morrie of keeping in touch in the middle of him crying. He fails to fulfil this promise (Wang, 2006). Many years after Mitch has graduated from the University, Morrie is forced into forfeiting dancing which is his favour ite hobby after being diagnosed with ALS, which health professionals call a debilitating disease. According to the narration, after realizing the sickness, Morries soul is left perfectly awake but imprisoned inside his body. Charlotte, Morries wife is forced to care for him but keeps her job at MIT since he insists. Mitch feels frustrated with the life he has chosen sixteen years after his graduation from Brandeis. His uncle passes away after suffering from pancreatic cancer, and after this, he abandons his failing music career to become a highly paid journalist for a paper in Detroit (Pagano, 2016). Despite promising his wife that they would have children, the narrator spends a lot of time at work especially in his reporting responsibilities and assignments. One night, as Mitch is going through the television channels, he recognizes Morries voice (Wang, 2006). Following the television appearance from his professor, Mitch calls him and travels to West Newton, Massachusetts where Mor rie lives. When he drives up to the professors house, he delays in greeting him since he is speaking on the phone with the company producer, a decision that he would later regret. In reading through the narration, several lessons are learnt in the characterization and in the themes brought out. The first lesson that the audience can draw from the story is the need to reject or overlook popular cultural values and embrace self-created personal ones. Each of the lessons learnt from Morrie contribute to a bigger, encompassing all message that each person, and especially Mitch, should reject popular cultural values and instead embrace and develop a personal one (Wang, 2006). As Morrie describes or sees it, popular culture dictates humanity and hence communities sometimes end up suffering. In his own account of life. Morrie flees the concept of cultural dictatorship and creates his own culture which is based on open communication, acceptance, and love. As a revolt against the superficial ity, violence, and greed driven in the media, Morrie develops his own culture (Wang, 2006). As a way of influencing the decisions of the narrator, he encourages him to free himself of the dictatorial, corrupt culture in favor of his well-being, and after starting to reassess his life, Mitch starts to rediscover fulfilment. The theme of perish or love is evident (Wang, 2006). As one of the most significant lessons to his student, Mitch, Morrie recites a quote by W.H. Auden, his favourite poet. The poem says in the absence of love, there is a void that can only be filled by loving human relationships (Wang, 2006). According to Morrie, when there is an abundance of love, people can feel and experience a huge sense of fulfilment. Morrie had fourteen Tuesday lessons with Mitch. Throughout these lessons, Morrie explains that love is the essence of every relationship and every individual (Seo, 2015). Therefore, as it is described by Auden, to live without love is like living with nothing. The positive significance of love in his life becomes particularly clear to the professor as he approaches death, for without the meticulous care of those who love him, and those he loves, he would perish (Wang, 2006). The audience can see Morrie clinging to life not because he is afraid of death, or because he is scared of what happens in the afterlife, but because his greatest wish of death is to share his story with his student, Mitch, so that the story can be shared to the rest of the world. The renowned professor who enjoys a lot of admiration from Mitch clings to life just long enough to divulge the importance or the essence of his story (Wang, 2006). He then releases himself to death, leaving his audience and Mitch with the message that love brings meaning to life experiences, and that without love, one may be as well dead. Acceptance through detachment is a clear message that the audience can take home. Sometimes, it is important to accept things through detachment (Wang, 20 06). As Morrie struggles with accepting his impending death, consciously, the professor detaches himself the different experiences. The detachment from experience is seen when he is suffering from the violent coughing spells. These coughs, according to the narrator, come with the possibility of him breathing last. The method of detachment derived by Morrie comes from the Buddhist philosophy that individuals should not cling to things, as everything happening or in our possession is impermanent. The audience learns several lessons from the Buddhist philosophy. In the process of detaching, the audience can see Morrie stepping out of the tangible surroundings and getting into an individual state of consciousness for two reasons: becoming composed in stressful situations, and gaining perspective (Wang, 2006). Morrie does not intent to stop experiencing or feeling in his detachment, but rather, interests himself in experiencing wholly. The professor does not want to die feeling angry or upset at anyone, and in those moments described as frightening, he detaches as a way of embracing his death and accepting the impermanence of life, which he acknowledges may come at any time. In Tuesdays with Morrie, the role of the media in the society is explicitly expressed. According to Mitchs experiences, the media is portrayed as being inherently evil. The media institution sucks Mitch dry of his ambition and passion, and feeding the public ...

How The Economy Has Impacted Since The 2008 Economic Crisis

A Critical Literature Review Exploring how Unemployment in Europe has been Impacted Since the 2008 Economic Crisis 1. Introduction The fall of the global bank Lehman Brothers between 2007 and 2008 almost knocked out the world’s financial system. The worst recession in 80 years in which the economic world is still recovering from. Europe got caught by fiddling with the American real estate market leading to the worst recession seen since the post war great depression. The crisis stunned the world and unemployment was hit heavily with businesses failing to make profits without letting go of employee’s, particularly in the labour market. With Europe still not fully recovered almost a decade down the line it still sparks debate today on how†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœThere are now almost 20 million unemployed in Europe and our over regulated jobs market is partly to blame. If half of all small businesses in the EU created just one more job we could half the number of employed overnight’ (Cave, 2006). Cave’s study reports a dim view on unemployment even before the economic crisis of 2008. There is evidence to suggest that cave is accurate in his work due to the date it was published and Cave has used statistics to support his view. Stockhammer (2007) backs up Cave’s research on unemployment in Europe before the economic crisis by studying unemployment in previous decades. ‘Since 1981, the unemployment rate in Europe has been greater than (or close to) 8 percent’. Stockhammer blames the inflexible labour market for the high rate of unemployment and believes wage moderation is the way to resolve the unemployment issue. ‘While not always stated explicitly, the view that wage moderation will help, or is indeed the only way to reduce employment in Europe is shared by the major policy institutions now’. Stockhammer is re-enforcing Cave’s research that unemployment has been problematic in Europe way before the 2008 crisis. Both Stockhammer and Cave’s studies report a negative view towards unemployment before 2008 and shows conclusive